1. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 1.
Technol0gy and Industry
Early 1800’s most people lived/worked on
farms.
Changes begin in Northern states.
Industrialization
3 phases: 1. manufacturers made products by
dividing tasks among workers. 2. manufacturers
built factories to bring specialized workers
together, 3. workers used machinery to perform
some of their work.
mass production in NE early 1800s
Elias Howe invented sewing machine 1846
By 1860 NE factories produced 2/3rds of U.S.
manufactured goods.
Improved Transportation
1800 to 1850 built 1000s of miles of roads and
canals.

2. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 2.
Opened new shipping routes by connecting
lakes, rivers, with roads.
Growth of railroads in 1840s also helped speed
flow of goods.
Robert Fulton invented reliable steamboat in
1807. Carried more goods cheaper & faster.
In 1840s, canals builders deepened and broad-
ened canals.
1860 about 3,000 steaboats traveled major
rivers, canals, and Great Lakes.
Spurred growth of cities Cincinnatti, Buffalo,
and Chicago.
Clipper ships sleek hulls & tall sails. 300 miles
a day. As fast as steamboats. Voyages were
cut short. BY Clipper, NY to Great Britain =
about 10 to 14 days.

3. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 3.
Locomotives
First steam powered loco The Rocket began
in G. Britain in 1829.
Peter Cooper built 1st Amer. steam loco in
1830 called Tom Thumb. Failed at first, but
within 10 years locomotive engines worked in
the U.S.
The Railway Network
1840 almost 3000 miles of railroad tracks.
1860 almost 31,000 miles, mostly in North and
the Midwest.
Rail lines begin to be built farther west (Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois.
By 1860 network of railroad lines united the
Midwest and the East.

4. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 4.
Moving Goods and People
Canals & railroads transformed trade in the
interior of the U.S.
- Erie Canal in 1825.
First railroads in 1830s.
Ag. goods down Miss. to New Orleans then
shipped to other countries or East Coast.
Faster delivery of goods meant cheaper price.
Railroads also promoted settlement and in-
dustrialization of Midwest.
People settled in and populations grew in
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
As populations grew so did states, new towns,
and industries developed.

5. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 5.
Faster Communication
Growth of industry caused new pace of travel
and need for faster methods.
Telegraph used electrical signals to transmit
messages. Samuel Morse sent first messages
on May 24, 1844 in Washington D.C. to
Baltimore. Morse Code (series of dots and
dashes). By 1852, there were about 23,000
miles of telegraph lines in U.S.
Agriculture
In early 1800s farmers had moved west of
Missouri and they greatly increased harvests.
Moved into Great Plains area.
Revolution in Agriculture
More difficult land called for new developments
in farm equipment.

6. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 6.
John Deere invented steel-tipped plow in 1837.
Better than old wooden plows.
Mechanical reaper sped up wheat harvests.
Mechanical threshers separated grain from
the stalk.
McCormick Reaper invented by Cyrus McCor-
mick of Virginia made a fortune selling them. It
made hand-held sickles obsolete.
Faster harvested led to more acres of crop
planted and more profits.
The North, however, turned away from farming
and expanded industry. Rocky soils.
More people began working in factories.