1. Objectives
PSc.2.1.3
Compare physical and chemical properties of various types of matter.

2. Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics that a sample of matter exhibits without any change in its identity.
This property can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance.

3. Physical Properties
Examples of the physical properties of a chunk of matter include its:
boiling point
solubility
density
melting point
magnetic
color
electrical conductivity
and physical state (solid, liquid or gas)

4. Physical Properties
Salt is soluble in water.
Water boils at 100°C.

5. Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties are properties of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.
A chemical property describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by combining with other elements or breaking apart into new substances.

6. Chemical Properties Examples:
Reactivity- the ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance.
Flammability- the ability of a substance to react in the presence of oxygen and burn when exposed to a flame.
In general, the ability of a substance to react…to form…

7. Chemical Properties
You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance changes.

8. Physical vs. Chemical Prop.
Classify the following properties as either chemical or physical.
red color
density
flammability
solubility
reacts with acid to form hydrogen
supports combustion
bitter taste
melting point
reacts with water to form a gas
reacts with a base to form water
hardness
boiling point
can neutralize a base
luster
odor

9. Physical vs. Chemical Prop.
Physical Properties
Red color
Density
Solubility
Bitter taste
Melting point
Hardness
Boiling point
Luster
Odor
Chemical Properties
Reacts with acid to form hydrogen
Supports combustion
Reacts with water to form a gas
Reacts with a base to form water
Can neutralize a base

10. Density
Density is the amount of matter (mass) contained in a unit of volume.
Styrofoam has a low density or small mass per unit of volume.

11. Density m V D

12. m V D Density Solving Density Problems
Cover the variable you are solving for
If you cover the top variable, multiple the bottom ones V m D
To solve for mass, multiply volume by density.

13. m V D Density Solving Density Problems
Cover the variable you are solving for
If you cover a bottom variable, take the top variable and divide by the bottom V m D
To solve for volume, take mass and divide by density.

14. V D m = V x D V= 5.0 mL m = (19 g/mL) (5.0 mL) m = ? m = 95 g m
Calculate the mass for an object having a density of 19 g/mL and a volume of 5.0 mL.
GIVEN:
D = 19 g/mL
V= 5.0 mL
m = ?
WORK:
m = V x D
m = (19 g/mL) (5.0 mL)
m = 95 g V m D

15. V D V = m ÷ D V = (18 g) ÷ (12 g/mL) V = ? V = 1.5 mL m m = 18 g
Calculate the volume for an object having a mass of 18 g and a density of 12 g/mL.
GIVEN:
m = 18 g
D = 12 g/mL
V = ?
WORK:
V = m ÷ D
V = (18 g) ÷ (12 g/mL)
V = 1.5 mL V m D

16. Density Solve the following density problems.
1. The density of sugar is g/cm3. Calculate the mass of sugar in 15.0 mL.
(1 mL = 1 cm3)
23.9 g

17. Density
2. The density of helium is g/L. Calculate the volume of helium that has a mass of 23.5 g.
132 L

18. Density
3. A g sample of gold has a volume of cm3. Calculate the density of gold.
19.3 g/cm3

19. Density
4. Balsa wood has a density of 0.12 g/cm3. What is the mass of a sample of balsa wood if its volume is 134 cm3?
16 g

20. Density
5. The density of ice at 0 °C is g/cm3. Calculate the volume of 145 g of ice.
158 cm3

21. Quiz Melting point Boiling point Density Reactivity Flammability
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
Ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance.
Mass per unit volume of a substance.
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Reactivity
Flammability