1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
6th Grade Matter Unit

2. Characteristic Properties
The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are its characteristic properties.
Remember the difference between physical and chemical properties.
Physical properties can be observed! (with your eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE!
You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance could change.

3. Types of Properties
Physical: properties that can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter
A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter.
Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)

4. What are physical properties?
A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter.

5. Mass The amount of matter Triple beam balance to measure
Definition:
The amount of matter
Example:
Triple beam balance to measure
Measured in gram units

6. Volume Irregular objects: Water displacement
Definition:
how much space the matter takes up
Example:
Irregular objects: Water displacement
Regular objects use measurement
Liters or m3
1ml = 1cm3

7. Density D=M/V Mass per unit volume g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3
Definition:
Mass per unit volume
Example:
D=M/V
g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3
Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water

8. More information about density...
Density = The amount of matter in a given space or volume
Density = m Mass
v Volume

9. More information about density...
Most substances have a unique density:
Water = 1.00 g/mL
Gold = g/mL
(See page 13 in your book for a bigger list)
Density < 1 - The object will float in water
Density > 1 – The object will sink in water

10. State The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma
Definition:
The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma
Ice = Solid
Water = Liquid
Helium = Gas
Lightning = Plasma

11. Luster The ability to reflect light Shiny: more reflection
Definition:
The ability to reflect light
Shiny: more reflection
Dull: less reflection

12. Thermal Conductivity
Definition:
The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else
Example:
Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

13. Electrical Conductivity
Definition:
The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow)
Example:
Metals and non metals
Conductors – good conductivity
Insulators – no conductivity

14. The ability to be pounded into thin sheets
Malleability
Definition:
The ability to be pounded into thin sheets
Example:
Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

15. Ductility The ability to be drawn into thin wires
Definition:
The ability to be drawn into thin wires
Example:
Copper is used to make wires

16. Solubility
Definition:
The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance
Example:
Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee

17. Physical Changes
A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.
Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving
Physical changes are easy to undo.

18. Chemical Properties
property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)
Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.
Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses.
Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties.
Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity
Ex: wood burns to form ash and smoke

19. Chemical Properties

20. Chemical Changes
A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties.
You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur!
Examples of chem. changes:
baking a cake
rusting

21. Clues to chemical changes
Color change
Fizzing or bubbling (gas w/odor production)
Production of light
Temperature (heat or cold)
Precipitate (something new falls to the bottom)
Chemical changes are not usually reversible! You can not undo fire.