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A.P.J. Houdijk Euro Weight Loss-2015 Frankfurt, Germany August 18 – 20, 2015
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Weight loss what is the best outcome measure ? A.P.J. Houdijk MD PhD Medical Center Alkmaar Free University Hospital Amsterdam
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The worldwide weight problem
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Overweight worldwide WHO facts Overweight and obesity: abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Overweight expressed as BMI ≥ 25; Obese ≥ 30 kg/m 2 1.9 billion overweight,13 % of world population 600 million obese Doubled since 1980 35 years of lifestyle (non) change how is this possible ?
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Weight component of BMI Weight = fat + lean body mass (LBM) + water Fat = subcutaneous + intraabdominal + intracellular LBM = organs +bone + muscle BMI = LBM + subcut. fat + intraabd. fat + water per M 2 Waist circumf. = organs + subcut fat + intraabd fat + air
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Weight loss Water dehydration LBM; bone, muscle, organsprotein wasting Fat; subcut fat, intraabd fatwasting or health benefit BMI reduction measures more than loss of metabolic risky fat BMI as a sole measure of health monitoring is questionable But there may be hope for another role for BMI
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Body fat depots Total adipose tissue subcutaneous peripheral abdominal Internal Abdominal (visceral) intra/inter muscular Pericardial Hepatic Pancreatic
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Overweight related metabolic disease visceral obesity is the motor
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Visceral obesity induces inflammation and insulin resistance
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Loss of visceral fat reverses inflammation and insulin resistance i Kovácˇiková, M. et al. Dietary intervention-induced weight loss decreases macrophage content in adipose tissue of obese women. Int. J. Obes. 2011
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Surrogate marker waist circumference cardiovascular events Dagenais GR et al, 2005 Adjusted relative risk 111 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.29 1.27 1.35 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 CVD deathMIAll-cause deaths Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3 MenWomen <95 95–103 >103 <87 87–98 >98 Waist circumference (cm): The HOPE study Adjusted for BMI, age, smoking, sex, CVD disease, DM, HDL-cholesterol, total-C; CVD: cardiovascular disease; MI: myocardial infarction ; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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IAAT= 0.53 l IAAT= 1.11 l IAAT= 1.31 lIAAT= 4.2 l IAAT= 1.15 lIAAT= 4.26 l Visceral fat and waist circumference ? waist circumference = 84 cm Courtesy: Prof J. Bell University of Westminster
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IAAT= 0.53 l IAAT= 1.11 l IAAT= 1.31 lIAAT= 4.2 l IAAT= 1.15 l IAAT= 4.26 l Visceral fat and waist circumference ? waist circumference = 84 cm Courtesy: Prof J. Bell University of Westminster
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TAT = 13.2 L, IAAT = 1.07 TAT = 21.8 L, IAAT = 3.56 L TAT = 17.3 L, IAAT = 1.8 LTAT = 21.4 L, IAAT = 2.9 L TAT = 16.8 L, IAAT = 2.2 L TAT = 24.1 L, IAAT = 3.7 L TAT = 14.3 L, IAAT= 1.2 L TAT = 12.4 L, IAAT = 0.63 L TAT = 26.2 L, IAAT = 3.6 L Visceral fat and BMI ? Umbilical images from subjects with BMI 24 kg/m2 Courtesy: Prof J. Bell University of Westminster
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TAT = 13.2 L, IAAT = 1.07 TAT = 21.8 L, IAAT = 3.56 L TAT = 17.3 L, IAAT = 1.8 LTAT = 21.4 L, IAAT = 2.9 LTAT = 16.8 L, IAAT = 2.2 L TAT = 24.1 L, IAAT = 3.7 L TAT = 14.3 L, IAAT= 1.2 L TAT = 12.4 L, IAAT = 0.63 L TAT = 26.2 L, IAAT = 3.6 L Visceral fat and BMI ? Umbilical images from subjects with BMI 24 kg/m2 Courtesy: Prof J. Bell University of Westminster
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Ct scan image for visceral fat Visceral fat area (cm 2 ) at L3 – L4 level Threshold for metabolic disease = 100 cm 2
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Visceral obesity and BMI in colon cancer 46 %83 % Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015
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Visceral obesity and BMI in colon cancer CVD, hypertension and diabetes Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015
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Visceral obesity and BMI in colon cancer CVD, hypertension and diabetes Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015
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Visceral obesity and BMI in colon cancer Postoperative complications Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015
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Visceral obesity and BMI in colon cancer Postoperative complications Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015
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Visceral obesity, BMI and complications 29 % Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015 38 % 17 % 14 %
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Visceral obesity – BMI phenotypes Cakir et al. Visceral obesity, BMI and risk of complications after colon cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study. Surgery 2015 Slim unfit Slim fit Fat unfit Fat fit
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Slim fit Slim unfit Fat fit Fat unfit O'Donovan et al Fit versus unfit phenotypes
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Visceral obesity in relation to BMI A new marker for risk phenotyping ? Visceral fat in oncological patients CT MRI Visceral fat measurement in the general population DEXA
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Summary and conclusions Visceral fat measurement in relation to BMI identifies risk phenotypes for metabolic syndrome and postoperative complications Visceral obesity in BMI 25 kg/m 2 ?? A larger study n=3500 colon cancer patients is including BMI has a new role Visceral fat and BMI risk phenotypes may focus lifestyle programs to the highest risk phenotypes
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Summary and conclusions Stop weighing people measure visceral fat and BMI Further research needed on the effects of lifestyle programs in the different phenotypes Thank you
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Questions
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Fat-Fit: Sumo Wrestling Sumo wrestlers bulk (>20,000 kcal/day) (as the heavier the fighter, the lower his centre of gravity) Yokozuna have large BMI: - Taiho: 43.8 –Konishki: 58.2 –Akibono: 56.8 Elevated % body fat, but low insulin resistance: –low TG –low T-chol and LDL-chol –low Fasting glucose
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Euro Weight Loss – 2016 Website: http://weightloss.global-summit.com/europe/ Meet the eminent gathering once again at Euro Weight Loss-2016 Vienna, Austria September 19-20, 2016
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