1. St.John’s Co-Cathedral Valletta - Malta Double Click to continue By Etienne Borg (Grade 11)

2. St.John’s Co-Cathedral Historical Background The History of St. John is in fact tied to the History of Malta and specifically with that of the Order of St. John. Immediately after the Great Siege of 1565, the Knights realized that they would not be able to resist another Ottoman onslaught unless adequate and modern defenses were constructed to meet it. These had to be constructed in a strategically superior position than the Birgu-Senglea complex that had miraculously withstood the numerous Ottoman Turkish attacks launched during the siege. Double Click to continue

3. St.John’s Co-Cathedral Historical Background The Knights had no difficulty in identifying such a site on the peninsula flanked by both the Grand Harbour and in part overlooking the old Birgu-Senglea defensive complex. In fact plans to build a fortress-city on that tongue of land (than called “Xaghret Mewwija” or Sciberras Peninsula) had been considered before the Siege of 1565; news of this new planning seems to have reached the Ottoman authorities and may well have been a factor that induced them to launch the 1565 massive campaign to oust the knights from Malta before they would have raised more formidable defenses. Double Click to continue

4. St.John’s Co-Cathedral Historical Background The new city was in fact founded in 1566, only a few months after the end of the siege. Right from the beginning it was conceived as a Renaissance fortress- city, combining the notions of massive defensive works and a well-ordered system of street-planning. Priority was given to Valletta’s fortifications; that is, to the inner line of fortified walls and bastions. But since these were well advanced by 1571, the Order decided to move the seat of government from Birgu to Valletta on 18th march 1571. Double Click to continue

5. St.John’s Co-Cathedral Historical Background At this stage, the first palaces, churches and auberges began to be erected. Pride of place was given to the Order’s new Conventual Church. In fact, it’s plan was to be raised at the very centre of the new city. The Order entrusted the project to Gerolamo Cassar (c.1530-1593) whose original training was as a military engineer. In 1569 he was sent by Grand Master DEL MONTE (1568- 1572) to Italy to gain experience in the architectural developments of his day. Double Click to continue

6. The Vault Paintings by Mattia Preti Paintings Architecture and Art in St.John’s Co-Cathedral Double Click to continue

7. These are some of the masterpieces found in St.John Masterpieces Masterpieces in St.John’s Co-Cathedral Double Click to continue

8. The famous Beheading of St. John and St.Jerome Paintings Works by Caravaggio Double Click to continue

9. Picture Gallery That was just a short presentation about this magnificent place ! Now its up to you to come and visit it and re-enact Malta’s medieval history !!