1. Intro To Air Transportation Transportation Systems Mr. Wasacz Transportation Systems Mr. Wasacz

2. Goals and Objectives  Define aircraft  Identify aviation services  Describe how airways are used to keep the air safe  Define lighter than air craft and provide at least 1 example of a lighter than air craft  Define aircraft  Identify aviation services  Describe how airways are used to keep the air safe  Define lighter than air craft and provide at least 1 example of a lighter than air craft

3. A Quick little history of Air  Air transportation is only a few hundred years old  Many people have desired to fly including  Leonardo Da Vinci created sketches of gliders and helicopters 500 years ago  The Montgofier brothers studied smokes ability to rise and created a model hot air balloon, then a passenger one in 1783  Air transportation is only a few hundred years old  Many people have desired to fly including  Leonardo Da Vinci created sketches of gliders and helicopters 500 years ago  The Montgofier brothers studied smokes ability to rise and created a model hot air balloon, then a passenger one in 1783

4. Quick little history of Air  In the early 1800’s, George Caley began an investigation into aerodynamics  The Wright brothers tested their first successful sustained flight of an airplane in 1903  Airborne for 12 seconds and covered 120’  By the end of the day they went 859’ in 59 seconds  In the 1920’s companies such as Boeing, Lockheed, and Douglas developed new and innovative designs  In the early 1800’s, George Caley began an investigation into aerodynamics  The Wright brothers tested their first successful sustained flight of an airplane in 1903  Airborne for 12 seconds and covered 120’  By the end of the day they went 859’ in 59 seconds  In the 1920’s companies such as Boeing, Lockheed, and Douglas developed new and innovative designs

5. Important Terms  Aircraft- any vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air. They include  Gliders (aircraft with stable wings but no power source)  Helicopters (aircraft with rotating wings)  Airplane (fixed wing aircraft kept in flight by a power source)  Aircraft- any vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air. They include  Gliders (aircraft with stable wings but no power source)  Helicopters (aircraft with rotating wings)  Airplane (fixed wing aircraft kept in flight by a power source)

6. Important Terms  Aerodynamics- the study of the motion of air and how it reacts to objects passing through it  Remember, George Caley began this study  Aerodynamics now continuously drives aircraft innovation  Aerodynamics- the study of the motion of air and how it reacts to objects passing through it  Remember, George Caley began this study  Aerodynamics now continuously drives aircraft innovation

7. Air Routes  There are no physical highways in the air!  In order to safely navigate the air safely, airways are have to be established  Airways are a term for a path or route for planes to follow  These airways are controlled by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)  Intersections are placed above very-high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR)  There are no physical highways in the air!  In order to safely navigate the air safely, airways are have to be established  Airways are a term for a path or route for planes to follow  These airways are controlled by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)  Intersections are placed above very-high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR)

8. Air Routes

9. Jet Routes  Jet routes are basically the same as airways  The difference is that the jet routes are from 18,000’ up to 75,000’  These routes are reserved for large commercial jets and airliners  Each lane is 8 nautical miles wide  And the routes are split into 1000’ layers  Even number layers are for planes flying west and odd number layers are for planes flying east  Jet routes are basically the same as airways  The difference is that the jet routes are from 18,000’ up to 75,000’  These routes are reserved for large commercial jets and airliners  Each lane is 8 nautical miles wide  And the routes are split into 1000’ layers  Even number layers are for planes flying west and odd number layers are for planes flying east

10. Modes of Air Transportation  Once again, and aircraft is a vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air  They are split up into 2 different types  Lighter than air Aircraft  Heavier than air Aircraft  Once again, and aircraft is a vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air  They are split up into 2 different types  Lighter than air Aircraft  Heavier than air Aircraft

11. Lighter than Air Aircraft  These are more energy efficient than heavier than air aircraft  These aircraft rely on the holding of gasses  These gasses must be less dense than air!  Two typical gasses used are helium and hot air  Hydrogen Used to be used until…  These are more energy efficient than heavier than air aircraft  These aircraft rely on the holding of gasses  These gasses must be less dense than air!  Two typical gasses used are helium and hot air  Hydrogen Used to be used until…

13. Balloons  These date back to the 1700’s  Balloons have little structure  Envelope- balloon portion  Basket- holds passengers and fuel for burner  Use the principle of lift to stay aloft  Lift is the upward pressure equal to or greater than the air the object displaces  Balloons rely on wind to move them from one place to another  Balloons are used for recreational purposes today  These date back to the 1700’s  Balloons have little structure  Envelope- balloon portion  Basket- holds passengers and fuel for burner  Use the principle of lift to stay aloft  Lift is the upward pressure equal to or greater than the air the object displaces  Balloons rely on wind to move them from one place to another  Balloons are used for recreational purposes today

14. Balloons

15. Airships  Also known as a dirigible (French word meaning steering)  These differ from balloons because they  have rudders (steering)  Elevators (control altitude)  Filled with gas  Have engines (to propel them)  Also known as a dirigible (French word meaning steering)  These differ from balloons because they  have rudders (steering)  Elevators (control altitude)  Filled with gas  Have engines (to propel them)

16. Airships Cont  There are two types of airships, they are  Rigid Airships (have a metal frame surrounding the balloon)  The Hindenburg  Non rigid Airships (no metal frame)  The Good Year Blimp  There are two types of airships, they are  Rigid Airships (have a metal frame surrounding the balloon)  The Hindenburg  Non rigid Airships (no metal frame)  The Good Year Blimp

17. Airships

18. Airships Use Today  Since the Hindenburg disaster, the use of airships greatly dropped  However, we still use airships to day to provide aerial coverage of areas  They are also used for advertising  And they can also move cargo into hard to reach places  Since the Hindenburg disaster, the use of airships greatly dropped  However, we still use airships to day to provide aerial coverage of areas  They are also used for advertising  And they can also move cargo into hard to reach places

19. Heavier than Air Aircraft  These are the most prevalent type of aircraft  These are not as energy efficient because they require more energy to stay suspended  Examples include  Helicopters  Planes  Gliders  These are the most prevalent type of aircraft  These are not as energy efficient because they require more energy to stay suspended  Examples include  Helicopters  Planes  Gliders

20. Gliders  As stated before, gliders have a fixed wing but not power source for propulsion  Today gliders are used for recreation and training  This type of aircraft requires the generation of lift in order to fly  To do this, they must be pulled behind another aircraft until it generates enough speed to maintain lift  As stated before, gliders have a fixed wing but not power source for propulsion  Today gliders are used for recreation and training  This type of aircraft requires the generation of lift in order to fly  To do this, they must be pulled behind another aircraft until it generates enough speed to maintain lift

21. Gliders

22. Airplanes  Airplanes are fixed winged aircraft that are kept in flight by an engine or another power source  Planes started out at a top speed of 7mph, whereas now the go to speeds in excess of Mach 2 (1550 mph)  Airplanes are fixed winged aircraft that are kept in flight by an engine or another power source  Planes started out at a top speed of 7mph, whereas now the go to speeds in excess of Mach 2 (1550 mph)

23. Supersonic transports (SST)  The Concorde was a supersonic airliner that was used commercially  It would transport passengers between New York and Europe in 3 1/2 hours  These planes flew for 30 years before they were retired  The Concorde was a supersonic airliner that was used commercially  It would transport passengers between New York and Europe in 3 1/2 hours  These planes flew for 30 years before they were retired

24. The Concorde

25. The Forces on an Airplane  There are four forces that are always acting on airplanes  Lift- the upward force that keeps the aircraft in air  Gravity- A natural force that tries to pull a plane to the ground  Thrust- the force produced by the propulsion system that moves the aircraft through the air  Drag- the force resisting forward motion of an aircraft  There are four forces that are always acting on airplanes  Lift- the upward force that keeps the aircraft in air  Gravity- A natural force that tries to pull a plane to the ground  Thrust- the force produced by the propulsion system that moves the aircraft through the air  Drag- the force resisting forward motion of an aircraft

27. Helicopters  Helicopters vary from airplanes in that they have a rotating wings know as a rotor blades  These are unique in that they can land and take of vertically and they can hover  Usually Helicopters have 2 rotating  Helicopters vary from airplanes in that they have a rotating wings know as a rotor blades  These are unique in that they can land and take of vertically and they can hover  Usually Helicopters have 2 rotating

28. Aviation Services  Aviation describes all air transportation activities  There are three categories of aviation  General Aviation (privately owned planes)  Commercial Aviation (scheduled airline flights)  Military Aviation (activity performed by the armed services)  Aviation describes all air transportation activities  There are three categories of aviation  General Aviation (privately owned planes)  Commercial Aviation (scheduled airline flights)  Military Aviation (activity performed by the armed services)