1. Section 1.2: Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

2. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has MASS and VOLUME
Mass: the amount of matter in an object and is measured in grams (g) – different from weight
Volume: the space an object occupies (Eg: mL & cm3)

3. Physical Properties
Physical Properties are those that describe what something is like and usually can help you identify the substance.
It is what you observe with your five senses and doesn’t involve it interacting with anything else.

4. Physical Properties Hardness
A measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched
Eg. Diamond is hard and chalk is soft

5. Physical Properties State
Is the substance a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature
Eg. Metal is solid, milk is liquid and helium is a gas

6. States of Matter Solid: has a definite shape and a definite volume
Liquid: takes the shape of the container it’s in and has a definite volume
Gas: takes the shape of it’s container and indefinite volume

7. Physical Properties Malleability
The ability to be hammered or bent into different shapes
Eg. Aluminum is malleable and glass is brittle

8. Physical Properties Ductility The ability to be pulled into wires
Eg. Copper is ductile and coal is not

9. Physical Properties
Melting Point & Boiling Point
M.P. when a solid turns into a liquid & B.P. when a liquid turns into a gas
Eg. Water at 0°C & 100°C

10. Physical Properties Crystal Form
Solid mineral structure with a regular pattern of 3D shapes
Eg. Salt is crystal but plastic is not

11. Physical Properties Solubility
The ability to dissolve in a solvent such as water
Eg. Salt is soluble in water and pepper is not

12. Physical Properties Viscosity A measure of how easily a liquid flows
Eg. Maple syrup is more viscous than milk

13. Physical Properties Density
The amount of matter (mass) per unit volume of substance
Eg. Lead is more dense than feathers

14. Calculating Density
Since density is a calculation involving mass and volume, the formula works with those 2 variables as well
The formula to calculate density is
Density = Mass
Volume
Eg. Mass of an object is 30g and it’s volume is 6cm3 so 30g ÷ 6cm3= 5.0g/cm3
The density of the object is 5 grams per centimeter cubed.

15. Chemical Properties
Chemical properties are those that describe how something acts or reacts while becoming a new substance.
The substance is changing because of how another substance is affecting it and it always causes the substance to change.

16. Chemical Properties
Combustibility
The ability to react rapidly with oxygen and release heat and light energy
Eg. Gasoline is combustible and water is not

17. Chemical Properties The ability to react with acid and produce a gas
Reaction with Acid
The ability to react with acid and produce a gas
Eg. baking soda reacts with acid and makes gas and bubbles and gold does not