1. Breakout 3: Interactions between human activities sea land ice and atmosphere. Hajo Eicken, Victoria Gofman, Sharman Haley, Larry Hamilton, John Farrell, Mark Parsons

2. Framing the discussion  Who are the stakeholders?  Why do they care about … Atmosphere Ocean and Sea Ice Hydrology/Cryosphere Terrestrial Ecosystems ?  What do they need to know?  How can we provide it?  How do Bering Sea Sub Network and ELOKA integrate with other AON projects?

3. How do Bering Sea Sub Network and ELOKA integrate with other AON projects?  Research on environmental LTK is directly about the central Q: how do humans interact with a changing Arctic environment?  LTK informs the natural sciences: Provides AON direction Informs hypotheses Contextualizes findings  The data benefits stakeholders

4. Some examples  Changing ocean conditions drive changes in fish distribution, run timing and resilience. Fishers observe new opportunities and adapt very quickly– if the regulations allow it. Management and science react more slowly. The observations and behaviors of fishers provide information to managers and research scientists.

5. Some examples Uses of ice in the communities:  In Bering Strait communities the window of access appears to be getting smaller. Small lead and lots of ice keeps hunting grounds safe. This past summer only one week of ice conditions for hunting bearded seal and walrus, and bad weather days shortened it further.  At Gambell lost access to cod because of lack of stable shorefast ice fishing platform.

6. Who are the stakeholders?  Local communities  Fishing industry (various scales, inshore to long-distance)  Oil, gas and mining  Shipping and transportation  Tourism  Policy makers, regulators & enforcement  Disaster response  Broader public interests

7. Why do local communities care?  Subsistence: animal & plant distribution  Subsistence: harvesters’ access  Transportation, travel & safety  Housing, water supplies, construction and other infrastructure  Cultural value

8. Why do fishers care? (Various scales, small and local to industrial and long- distance)  resource abundance and distribution  access/weather/safety and seasons  planning for the future (investments)  operating costs  Infrastructure (vessels, gear, processing, transport to markets)  How regulations respond to changes  Uncertainty of new or more variable conditions

9. Why do O&G and shipping industries care?  Operating season  Infrastructure  Operating costs  Environmental hazards & risks

10. Why does the tourist industry care?  Marine access  Intact cultures  Pristine environments & wildlife  Infrastructure  Weather & environmental hazards

11. Why do policy makers, regulators & enforcement agencies care?  Mission to manage resource efficiently for long term social value to multiple stakeholders  Need more real-time information  Need ability to detect changing conditions and adapt quickly when needed

12. Why do disaster response agencies care?  Environmental hazards & risk data for planning  Real-time information for response  Infrastructure and training – preparations to meet emerging risks

13. Why does the public care?  Species diversity - charismatic megafauna  Romantic notions of wilderness  Climate change — Arctic is canary in the coal mine  Global consequences of Arctic change

14. What do they need to know? How can we provide it? Example: Sea Ice - bold italics indicate data project is already providing Fishing travel & safety Shorefast ice stability and persistence Remote sensing, mass- balance & tide gauge data Oil and Gas operating season window Persistence of ice during transition period & open water season Remote sensing & coastal obs, trend analysis & model Public managers Ice regimes from perspective of access and hazards Remote sensing & coastal obs, trend analysis & model