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Tide gauge stations: requirements, status, and issues Mark Merrifield University of Hawaii Sea Level Center
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Requirements: Understanding sea-level rise and variability, WCRP workshop, Paris, 2006 Continued maintenance and enhancement of the global tide-gauge network is essential. The GLOSS Core Network (GCN) and the GCOS Climate subset of that network provide the blueprint for future network development. Address the land-motion problem at the tide gauges. Complement GIA model estimates with direct geodetic measurements at each site. ….placing all of these measurements into a consistent, high-quality global reference frame...
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GLOSS Core Network Part of JCOMM Observations Programme Area (OPA) Coordinated by IOC GLOSS Group of Experts 290 stations covering most major island groups and ~1000 km sections of continental coastline Delayed mode data: BODC/PSMSL Fast delivery data: QC’d at 4 week intervals, UHSLC Near real-time data: 5-15 min transmissions, VLIZ GPS at Tide Gauges: TIGA, Potsdam, La Rochelle
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GCOS sea level network 180 station subset of GLOSS for climate monitoring and research Priority on long climate records, even global distribution Geodetic land motion measurements at each station
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Status of GLOSS Core Network Active stations 79% Near real-time Fast Delivery GPS/DORIS
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Status of GLOSS Core Network Active stations 79% Near real-time 60% Fast Delivery GPS/DORIS
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Status of GLOSS Core Network Active stations 79% Near real-time 60% Fast Delivery 69% GPS/DORIS
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Status of GLOSS Core Network Active stations 79% Near real-time 60% Fast Delivery 69% GPS/DORIS 48%
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Status of GCOS Network Active stations 85% Near real-time Fast Delivery GPS/DORIS
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Status of GCOS Network Active stations 85% Near real-time 64% Fast Delivery GPS/DORIS
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Status of GCOS Network Active stations 85% Near real-time 64% Fast Delivery 71% GPS/DORIS
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Status of GCOS Network Active stations 85% Near real-time 64% Fast Delivery 71% GPS/DORIS 57%
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GCOS Network Issues Active stations 85% 90% after upcoming tsunami upgrades in Pacific, Caribbean, Central, and South America Reevaluate station list Fast Delivery 71% 22 stations (12%) in China, India, Russia, Cuba Reevaluate station list GPS/DORIS 57% GLOSS workshop (May 2009) on GPS@TG, call for coordinated, international project to install 50-100 new GPS stations, delayed mode processing centers, consistent global reference frame Seeking $3-5 M for initial installation
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Global and regional sea level trends from tide gauges Global sea level rise
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Global sea-level rise reconstructions from tide gauges Merrifield et al. (2009)
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Recent increase in sea-level rise and decadal variability Regional sea level patterns
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Sea-level rise and the western tropical Pacific
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Tide gauge observations in the western tropical Pacific
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Anomalous rate change since the 1990s
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Pacific sea-level rise and increasing Trade Winds
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Surface wind trends “A shift in Pacific sea level trends since the 1990s” Merrifield (2010), submitted to J. Clim. From ESRL/PSD product
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