1. Colonial Latin America Economy, Church, and State

2. The Aftermath of Conquest  The Legacies of Contact  The “Columbian Exchange”  Ecological Conquest?  Physical and Psychological Effects

8. Slave & Master, late 18 th c. Quito

10. Castas, Eighteenth-Century Mexico

12. The Emerging Colonial Economy  The Example of Cortés  The Encomienda Iberian Precedents Abuses and “Reform”  The Rise of the Landowning Class The Hacienda and Hacendados  Colonial Agriculture Sugar: “Sweetness and Power”

18. The Mining Sector  Mineral Wealth in the Americas  The European Ideal (“Mercantilism”)  The Mineral Cycle  Indigenous Effects  European Effects Financing Empire Long-Term Fiscal Trends

19. La Valencia Silver Mine, Guanajuato, Mexico

21. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil

23. Colonial Administration  The Council of the Indies  The Casa de Contratación Closed Ports and Monopolies (The Ideal) The Reality  Colonial Administration: Viceroys and Audiencias→Corregidores and Cabildos, local power networks  The Republica de los Indios Caciques

24. Portugal and Colonial Brazil  Pedro Álvarez Cabral’s “discovery,” 1500  The “Factory” Period The feitoria Economic and Political Motivations  Proprietary Settlements (“Captaincies”)  The Addition of Royal Administration The French Threat The Indian Question Tomé de Sousa (admin. 1549-1553)  The Sugar Cycle and African Slavery

25. Church and State  The Role of the Church Patronato Real  The Incomplete “Spiritual Conquest” of America Syncretism  Church vs. Landowners  “Just War” and the “Indian Question” Bartolome de las Casas (vs. Sepúlveda) “New Laws” of the Indies, 1542

26. Alcoman Monastery

27. Altar at National Cathedral

28. Interior View, Cholula Cathedral

29. Cuernavaca

32. San Jose Mission, San Antonio

34. Valladolid

35. Yaxcabá (in the Yucatán)