1. Sustainable Construction Products 1.Developing Precast Concrete Products made with Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW): Phase I : Concrete Building Blocks Phase II: Concrete Paving Blocks and Flags Funded by: The Onyx (Veolia) Environmental Trust & Flintshire Community Trust (AD Waste Ltd) 5th March 2003

2. Sustainable Construction Products 2.North West Construction Knowledge Hub Construction Sustainability Centre : (a)Recycled demolition aggregates in precast building and paving blocks and concrete flags, (b) Reactive glass powder concrete flags of superior strength, (c)Cementless geopolymer concrete products.

3. Sustainable Construction Products versus Sustainable Built Environment 3.The Building as Total System Technology Strategy Board Low Impact Buildings: Design and Decision Tool

4. Sustainable Construction Products Concrete Building Blocks, Paving Blocks & Paving Flags made with Recycled Demolition Aggregate.

5. Sustainable Construction Products Priority Waste Stream Programme European Commission - 1991. Construction & Demolition Waste (C&DW) amounts to around: 180 million tonnes per year in the EU, or 480 kg/person/year. Land-filling of C&DW (72% of the total amount) requires a landfill 10m deep and roughly 13 square km in surface area every year. Recycling for Profit. Waste Management & the New Environmental Economics.

6. Sustainable Construction Products C&DW accounts for 17% of the estimated annual waste in the UK. 220 million tonnes of new construction aggregate are extracted annually. Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW).

7. Sustainable Construction Products There is a need to: Increase research and development to improve recycled aggregates quality. Demonstrate where recycled products are competitive with natural materials. Expand specifications to accept more recycled material where it has been shown to compete technically. Facilitate the flow of market information. Potential uses for C&DW derived (recycled demolition) aggregate.

8. Sustainable Construction Products Funding Bodies: The Veolia Environmental Trust The Flintshire Community Trust A.D. Waste Ltd Invesigators: The University of Liverpool. Precast Concrete Manufacturers: Marshalls Ltd. FORTICRETE Ltd. Charcon Ltd. Cemex Readymix Ltd. RPC Ltd. Demolition Contractors: W.F. Doyle & Co. Ltd. DSM Demolition Ltd. Collaborators: Aggregate Suppliers: Lafarge Aggregates Ltd. Hanson Aggregates Ltd. Aggregate Industries. Material Suppliers: Appleby Group Ltd. United Kingdom Quality Ash Association (UKQAA). Other: Clean Merseyside Centre. Liverpool Housing Action Trust. Liverpool City Council. Cheshire County Council Morris Brothers Ltd.

9. Sustainable Construction Products contamination affecting reinforcement is not an issue. supply of input materials & storage of output are more easily managed. local circumstances may make high grade use of C&DW cost effective. regeneration calls for demolition and major reconstruction. major movements of aggregate from North Wales to North West. Concrete Building Blocks, Paving Blocks & Paving Flags

10. Sustainable Construction Products Aggregate Quarry in Merseyside? Now you do not see it…… ….but soon you will! Aggregate Quarry in Merseyside? Now you do not see it…… ….but soon you will!

11. Sustainable Construction Products ….and now you do! 15,000 tonnes of waste?

12. Sustainable Construction Products Make waste a resource!

13. Sustainable Construction Products Flows of crushed rock between regions.

14. Sustainable Construction Products Vibro-Compressor Machine - Factory - Experimental Work & Development Building Blocks - Black Art or Science? Electric Hammer Drill - Laboratory -

15. Sustainable Construction Products Compressive Strength Versus Replacement Level (%) with concrete derived aggregates.

16. Sustainable Construction Products Compressive Strength Versus Replacement Level (%) with masonry derived aggregates.

17. Sustainable Construction Products Factory Trials

18. Sustainable Construction Products FACTORY TRIALS Concrete blocks with masonry-derived aggregate. FACTORY TRIALS Concrete blocks with masonry-derived aggregate.

19. Sustainable Construction Products Compressive Strengths of: Laboratory cast and factory cast blocks.

20. Sustainable Construction Products Electric hammer on sliding rods Clamped-on vibrator together with an electric hammer Modifications needed for casting: Concrete Paving Blocks

21. Sustainable Construction Products Concrete Pavement Flags The manufacturing process:

22. Sustainable Construction Products Casting of Concrete Flags using the laboratory mini-press

23. Sustainable Construction Products The claims culture in the UK costs local authorities £500m each year from trip, slip and fall accidents arising from cracked pavements. The superior performance of UHPFRC flags indicates that pavements are unlikely to crack even if they are overloaded by unplanned vehicle loading. Reactive Glass Powder Concrete Paving Flags. Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete

24. Sustainable Construction Products Reactive Glass Powder Concrete Flags or: Green flags for Green Pavements ? Transformation of contaminated waste glass of all forms, in a single process, into safe, sterile, sharp free glass crystals for re-use into alternative high value markets.

25. Sustainable Construction Products Surface textureCut surface Complete replacement of cement by waste materials of high silicon dioxide content, e.g., incinerator ash, basic oxygen steel slag, disposed ash from coal-fired thermal power plants, together with waste alkali solutions to produce: Green Precast Concrete Products. Geopolymer Cementless Concrete 100% recycled content!

26. Sustainable Construction Products Every tonne of cement produces a tonne of CO 2 !!! Cement Manufacture – whats wrong with it?

27. Sustainable Construction Products Whats the alternative to cement? It is estimated that three million tonnes of ash are placed in lagoons for long term storage! Approx. 56 million tonnes are already waiting for a new use to be found!

28. Sustainable Construction Products Embodied CO 2 of UK cement, additions and cementitious material:

29. Sustainable Construction Products Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cementless Precast Concrete Products: The project will push the boundaries and knowledge past current leading edge work through developing a better understanding of the reactions between siliceous ashes and waste alkalis and thus enable their use in high volume production through appropriate blending to achieve the required chemical and mineral composition to enable them to react and form a strong matrix equivalent if not better than that achieved with the use of cement.

30. Sustainable Construction Products Low Impact Buildings: Design and Decision Tools Eawag Forum Chriesbach, Switzerland

31. Sustainable Construction Products versus Sustainable Built Environment The Building as Total System

32. Sustainable Construction Products Sustainable Built Environment ? Waste Management & the New Environmental Economics. Sustainable only if PROFITABLE !!! – Cementing Concrete Solutions -

33. Sustainable Construction Products And finally...... Thank you for your attention. Are there any questions?