1. 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Lecture Outline Part 3

2. 2 4. Epithelial tissue It is a group of cells that forms a tight, continuous network. It _____ body cavities, _______ body surfaces, and is found in glands. Cells are anchored by a ____________________ on one side and free on the other side. It is named after the appearance of cell layers and the shape of the cells. There is transitional epithelium that changes in appearance in response to ________. 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects

3. 3 How do we name epithelial tissue? Number of cell layers _________ (one layer of cells) _______________ (appears to have multiple layers but only has one layer) __________ (more than one layer of cells) Figure 4.7a. Shapes of epithelial cells. 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects Simple Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

4. 4 How do we name epithelial tissue? Shape of cell ________ (cube-shaped) _________ (column-shaped) _________ (flattened) Figure 4.7b. Shapes of epithelial cells. 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects Pseudostratified columnar Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

5. 5 What does epithelial tissue look like? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Simple squamous Lining of lungs, Blood vessels protects Simple cuboidal lining kidney tubules, various glands absorbs molecules basement membrane © Ed Reschke Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. basement membrane basement membrane basement membrane goblet cell secretes mucus goblet cell secretes mucus cilia lining of nose, mouth, esophagus, anal canal, vagina protects Stratified squamous lining of trachea sweeps impurities towards that Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar Simple columnar lining of small intestine, oviducts absorbs nutrients © Ed Reschke Figure 4.8. The basic types of epithelial cells. 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects

6. 6 The integumentary system It includes the _____ and accessory organs such as hair, nails, and glands. The skin has 2 main regions called the _________ and the _______. Under the skin there is a ___________________ between the dermis and internal structures where fat is stored. It is important for maintaining homeostasis. 4.6 Integumentary System

7. 7 What are the functions of the integumentary system? 1.It __________ the body from physical trauma, invasion by pathogens, and water loss. 2.It helps regulate ________________. 3.It allows us to be _______ of our surroundings through _________ receptors. 4.It synthesizes chemicals such as melanin and ___________ 4.6 Integumentary System

8. 8 There are 2 regions of the skin Epidermis Dermis sweat pore stem cells sensory receptor capillaries oil gland arrector pili muscle free nerve endings hair follicle hair root sweat gland artery vein nerve adipose tissue Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) Dermis Epidermis hair shaft Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Figure 4.9. Anatomy of human skin. 4.6 Integumentary System

9. 9 The epidermis It is the thin, outermost layer of the skin. It is made of epithelial tissue. Cells in the uppermost layers are dead and become filled with keratin, thus acting as a _____________________. Langerhans cells are a type of white blood cells that help fight pathogens. ______________ produce melanin that lend to skin color and protection from UV light. Some cells convert cholesterol to vitamin D. 4.6 Integumentary System

10. 10 The dermis It is the thick________ layer of the skin. It is made of __________________________. It contains elastic and collagen fibers. It contains blood vessels, many sensory receptors, and glands. 4.6 Integumentary System

11. 11 Where are skin cells keratinized? Dermis Epidermis flattened and dead cells cells undergoing keratinization stem cells and melanocytes dermal projection © John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Figure 4.10. A light micrograph of human skin. 4.6 Integumentary System

12. 12 What you need to know about skin cancer? 2 of the 3 types that arise in the epidermis _______________ is the most common yet least deadly form of skin cancer. ___________ is the most deadly form of skin cancer but is the least common. 4.6 Integumentary System

13. 13 What you need to know about skin cancer? What can you do to help prevent this? Stay out of the sun between 10 A.M. and 3 P.M. Wear protective clothing (tight weave, treated sunglasses, wide-brimmed hat). Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 that protects from UV-A and UV-B rays. Do not use tanning beds. 4.6 Integumentary System

14. 14 What might skin cancer look like? b. Melanoma a. Basal cell carcinoma a: © Ken Greer/Visuals Unlimited; b: © James Stevenson/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Figure 4.11. Cancers of the skin. 4.6 Integumentary System