2. Chemistry of Life Essential Question: What chemicals build living things?

3. What is biochemistry? The branch of chemistry that studies organic compounds The branch of chemistry that studies organic compounds

4. What is an organic compound? Any compound containing Carbon

5. Why is life based on carbon? Carbon is found in all living things! Carbon is not stable by itself Carbon can make four bonds Carbon is found in all living things! Carbon is not stable by itself Carbon can make four bonds

6. Carbon loves bonding! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi 5Tao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi 5Tao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOJ3M UpDrfI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOJ3M UpDrfI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi 5Tao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi 5Tao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOJ3M UpDrfI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOJ3M UpDrfI

7. What 6 elements does carbon bond with to build living things? C-H-N-O- P-S Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur

10. DNA

12. Carbon combines with elements to build huge molecules We call these huge molecules “Macromolecules”

13. Macromolecules are made of smaller subunits These subunits are called Monomers Monomers bond together to form polymers These subunits are called Monomers Monomers bond together to form polymers Polymerization

14. Building important polymers sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide Carbohydrates = built from sugars Proteins = built from amino acids Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides amino acid amino acid – amino acid – amino acid – amino acid – amino acid –

15. Let’s focus on 4 basic carbon-based macromolecules found in all living things: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

16. Carbohydrates: CHO Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy Example: starch & glucose (sugar) used for energy in cells. Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy Example: starch & glucose (sugar) used for energy in cells.

17. What carbs do you eat?

18. Lipids: CHO

19. Lipids (continued) Lipids can be used to store energy in fats. They make up membranes of cells. They are the waxy coating on leaves and bird feathers.

21. Proteins: CHONS

22. Proteins: (cont.) Proteins are built from molecules called amino acids Proteins are important in all cell processes, forming bones & muscles, transporting stuff in and out of cells Proteins are built from molecules called amino acids Proteins are important in all cell processes, forming bones & muscles, transporting stuff in and out of cells

23. Enzymes are important proteins

24. Nucleic Acids- CHNOP Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA Nucleic Acids store genetic information Nucleic acids are built from monomers called nucleotides Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA Nucleic Acids store genetic information Nucleic acids are built from monomers called nucleotides

27. PolymerMonomer polysaccharidesmonosaccharides triglyceride Fatty Acids + glycerol Protein/polypeptideAmino Acids DNA/RNANucleotides Remember: Monomers bond together to make polymers. Chemical bonds are ENERGY!

28. Review What are the chemicals of life? What is the one element necessary for life? What are the 4 organic compounds that can be found in living things? The more chemical bonds, the more _______. What are the chemicals of life? What is the one element necessary for life? What are the 4 organic compounds that can be found in living things? The more chemical bonds, the more _______.

29. Name the macromolecule!