1. Macrom olecules

2. Macromolecular Structure Monomer Monomer  Single molecule used as building block  Assembles polymers via dehydration (condensation) COH H H HCOH H H H Dehydration 1.H and OH are removed 2.Monomers bond

3. Macromolecular Structure Polymer Polymer  Breaks down into smaller polymers or monomers via hydrolysis C OH H H HCOH H H H Hydrolysis 1.Molecules separate 2.Water lyses and occupies open bonds

5. Carbohydrates

6. Monosaccharides Carbohydrate monomers Carbohydrate monomers (CH 2 O) n (CH 2 O) n

7. Polysaccharides Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage Identity depends on… Identity depends on…  Monomers and glycosidic linkage angle (3-D shape)

8. Polysaccharides

9. Polysaccharides Starch Starch Glycogen Glycogen Cellulose Cellulose Chitin Chitin

10. Lipids

11. Fatty Acids Saturated Saturated  Maximum H’s  No C=C bonds Unsaturated Unsaturated  Less than maximum H’s  C=C bonds

12. Triglycerides (triacylgycerols) Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids Glycerol + 3 Fatty acidsCarboxyl Hydroxyl

13. Triglycerides (and variants) (triacylgycerols) Cell membranes Cell membranes Oils used in plant seeds Oils used in plant seeds Adipose tissue Adipose tissue

14. Steroids Four fused carbon rings Four fused carbon rings Hormones, venoms Hormones, venoms

15. Proteins

16. Functions

17. R Primary Structure Amino acid sequence Amino acid sequence  20 different kinds  Groups Amino Amino Carboxyl Carboxyl Radical Radical CC O OH H H N H Varies

18. Amino Acids

19. Primary Structure Polypeptide Polypeptide  Chain of amino acids CC O OH H H N H CC O OH H H N H R Peptide Bond R

20. Complex Structure 2o2o 3o3o 4o4o

21. Denaturation Environmental factors can disrupt 2 o, 3 o, or 4 o structure Environmental factors can disrupt 2 o, 3 o, or 4 o structure

22. Nucleic Acids

23. Phosphodiester Linkage 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3

24. Nitrogen Bases

25. Protein Synthesis

26. Which Category? 1.Nonpolar 2.Phosphodiester 3.Branched helices 4.Chitin 5.Radical group 6.Nitrogen base 7.Ester linkage 8.Disulfide bridge 9.Steroid 10.Peptidoglycan 11.5’ and 3’ ends