1. Factors affecting grains consumption: The evidence from NHANES survey data Lisa Mancino, ERS-USDA Andrea Carlson, CNPP-USDA

2. National Health and Nutrition Exam Survey Collected by CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics First collected in 1960. Became ‘continuous’ in 1999 For any given year is ~ 5,000 people around the US (15 counties each year) Oversamples: Certain age groups: 12-19, 60+ Specific minorities: African Americans, Mexican Americans Low income persons (< 130% of poverty level) Pregnant women

3. NHANES 1999-2001

4. NHANES (1999-2000)

5. Provides a snap shot of consumption: What When Where Who

6. Servings, cups or ounces Proposed Recommended Intake* Average Intake *US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee What Dietary Patterns

7. What Broad Categories

8. What Specific foods MixturesOtherSnacks PizzaBurgersCorn chips Noodle SoupsChicken pattiesPretzels Macaroni and CheeseCorn DogsCorn puffs and twists Spaghetti with sauceFish SandwichesCrackers Rice & tomato saucePot PiesPopcorn

9. What Whole Grains

10. When % All Grains (% of all calories) Breakfast Dinner Lunch Snack (35%) (15%) (26%) (23%) Brunch

11. When Whole Grains Dinner Lunch Snack Breakfast Brunch

12. Where Specific Places: % of All Grains (% of all calories) Home Work Restaurant Fast Food All Others 64% (62%) 9.1% (9%) 7.2% (9%) 4.9% (5%) 14.8% (15%)

13. 5.7 1.6 5.8 5.7 0.97 Number of Servings Whole Grains All other Grains Who By types of grains reported

14. Who Do the amounts and types of grains consumed vary by  Socioeconomic factors Income, Marital status, Education, Ethnicity  Biological factors Gender, Age, Body weight,  Lifestyle factors Physical Activity, meal patterns, health behaviors, diet history

15. Who Socioeconomic factors Amount of all grainsAny whole grains Adults Education 0.37 Non-Hispanic black Hispanic -0.66-0.78 -0.48 Children Income0.19 0.05

16. Who Biological Factors Amount of all grainsAny whole grains Adults Age-0.04 0.01 Men2.19-0.22 Waist Measure-0.64 Children Age0.19 0.09 Boys1.96 BMI-0.06-0.01

17. Who Lifestyle Factors Amount of all grainsAny whole grains Adults Cigarettes-0.01-0.03 Alcohol-0.13 Breakfast1.900.71 Snacking0.02 Optimism (Weight) -0.41 Portion Control Extreme Measures -0.89 -1.17

18. Who Lifestyle Factors Amount of all grainsAny whole grains Children Breakfast1.54 0.90 Snacking0.030.01

19. So…. Can we say anything about shifts in grain consumption? Changing Demographics –Age –Ethnicity [whole grains] (adults) –Education [whole grains] (adults) –Income (children) Changing diets and lifestyles –More health conscious ?

20. For More Information ERS-www.ers.usda.gov CNPP-www.cnpp.usda.gov NHANES-www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm Lisa-Lmancino@ers.usda.gov Andi-Andi.carlson@cnpp.usda.gov

21. The End