1. Personal Development for Communication Technology Pratik Man Singh Pradhan | Module Code: CT1039NI | Week 10 - Lecture

2. Analytical Skills Points, Lines, Circles and Curves

3. Contents Lines Equation of Straight Lines Ohm’s Law Graphical Analysis of Ohm’s Law 5 2 3 4 1 Points Power Calculation 6

4. 2-7-6-5-4-3-21573 0468 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 Points If the points are located horizontally from each other, the y coordinates will be the same. You can look to see how far apart the x coordinates are. (1,4)(-6,4)

5. 2-7-6-5-4-3-21573 0468 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 So the distance from (-6,4) to (-6,-3) is 7. If the points are located vertically from each other, the x coordinates will be the same. You can look to see how far apart the y coordinates are. (-6,-3)(-6,4) 7 units apart

6. Let's use it to find the distance between (3, -5) and (-1,4) (x1,y1)(x1,y1)(x2,y2)(x2,y2) 3 -5 4 CAUTION! You must do the brackets first then powers (square the numbers) and then add together BEFORE you can square root Don't forget the order of operations! means approximately equal to found with a calculator Plug these values in the distance formula

7. Lines y = mx + c All straight line graphs are of the form y = mx + c

8. 0 1234567 8 910 -9-8 -7 -6 -5 -4-3-2 -10 x y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 Straight Line Graphs m gives the gradient of the line and c gives the y intercept. All straight line graphs are of the form y = mx + c The gradient is defined as the rise/run rise = 2 run = 1 y intercept = 3 y = 2x + 3

9. 1.y = 2x + 3 2.y = 3x – 5 3.y = -x + 6 4.Y = ½x –2 5.Y = - 4x –9 6. y = ¾x 0 1234567 8 910 -9-8 -7 -6 -5 -4-3-2 -10 x y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 Determine the equations of the following lines 1 2 3 4 5 6

10. Ohm’s Law Electricity Electronics Current Mobile Phone Voltage Resistance Power Radio Television Computers

11. Electricity  Importance of electricity  What is electricity  Where does it come from  How does it work  Atom and their structure

12. Atom  Made up of particles  Electron:  Revolves around nucleus in the same way moon spins around earth.  Contains negative charge  Nucleus is made up of proton and neutron  Proton  Contains positive charge  Neutron  Neutral, neither negative nor positive

13. Atom  Atom to be balanced and stable, there need to be same number of proton and electron  Charged atom is called Ion.  Electron can be made to move from one atom to another. When those electron move between the atom, a current of electricity is created

14. Caused by the flow of free electrons in a circuit. Current Voltage Resistance An electrical force, or pressure, that occurs when electrons and protons are separated The opposition to the movement of electrons through materials. Ohm’s Law

15. Resistance  It measures how well something conduct electricity  Some hold their electrons very tightly- electron don’t move through them very well- insulator- e.g. rubber, cloth, plastic, glass  Other have loosely held electrons which moves through them very easily- good conductors- e.g. copper, aluminium or steel.  Resistance also helps to stop the loss of electricity- e.g. similar to fire fighter bucket brigades.

16. Ohm’s Law Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points.

17. Analysis of Ohm’s Law

18. Diode  In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other

19. What is the resistance in a closed circuit if I = 3.8 µA and V = 3.3 V? (a)12.54 µΩ(b) 868.42 Ω (c) 12.54 MΩ(d) 868.42 kΩ (e) 868.42 MΩ VoltageCurrent Resistance Power Calculation of Power “P” P= V.I =R.I.I or P= V. V/R Note if V is in Volts, I is in Amps then Power would be in Watts Examples An electronic circuit having a power supply connected to a light source, how would you control the brightness of the light source? What is the power consumed in a closed circuit if R = 3.25 MΩ and V = 3.3 V? (a)3.35 MW(b) 10.725 MW (c) 10.725 µW(d) 3.35 W (e) 3.35 µW

20. THE END