1. Present Simple Present Simple Subject + Verb’s Present (Base) form We use the present simple for  thoughts and feelings: I think so, I like flowers.  states, things staying the same, facts and things that are true for a long time: We live quite near. Honey tastes sweet. The sun rises in the east.

2. Present Simple  Repeated Actions ( Habitual Facts): We come here every day. I brush my teeth everyday.  Imperatives: Read attentively. Don’t be noisy.  Public Time Table: The train leaves at 7:30 every morning. The match starts at half past two.  With always meaning ‘every time’: Mike always invites us to stay at Christmas.

3. Present Continuous Subject + am/is/are + Verb’s ing-form Present Continuous Subject + am/is/are + Verb’s ing-form  We use it to say that something is happening now ( action in progress). The teacher is delivering his lecture.  we are in the middle of an action I am waiting for the train. (I’m at the station now.) I am getting the lunch ready. (I’m in the kitchen now.)  we are in the middle of something but not actually doing it at the moment of speaking I must get back to the office. We are working on a new project. I am quite busy these days. I am doing a course at college.

4. Present Continuous  We can use the present continuous when things are changing over a long period. The number of cars on the road is increasing. The earth is slowly getting warmer.  Temporary Activity (for a short period): Mike is working at a shop for eight weeks.  We can use always with it to mean ‘very often’, usually with the added meaning of ‘too often’. Tom is always inviting friends here. (He invites them very often.)  We use it for what someone has arranged to do in the future (future time must be mentioned). We are having a party tomorrow. I am meeting Harriet this evening.

5. Present Perfect Subject + have/has + Verb’s past participle form  Recently completed action (we see things happening in the past but having a result in the present): We have washed the dishes. (They are clean now.) I have just had my breakfast. ( Just means ‘a short time ago’. ) He has already finished his work. (Already means ‘sooner than expected’. ) Has your course started yet ? I haven’t finished my work yet. ( We use yet when we are expecting something to happen.)

6. Present Perfect  Events of the past which have become part of experience: Roger has seen the Taj Mahal. I have been to Banderban.  A situation that began in the past and continues up to the present: He has been a teacher since 2005. (We use since to say when the period began (since 2005) I have known him for five years. (We use for to say how long this period is (for five years)  Something has stopped happening: I haven’t seen Hamid for ages (or since July).