1. Occasions for Public Speaking

2. The Rhetorical Situation
Rhetoric – The study of how messages affect people
A speech takes place in a specific situation
A rhetorical situation is a situation in which people’s understandings can be changed through messages

3. The Rhetorical Situation
Factors
The Audience
The Occasion
Different forms of speaking for different occasions
The Speaker
The Speech
Constraints & Opportunities

4. Shuttle Challenger

5. President Ronald Reagan

6. Influence of the Occasion
Specific speeches for specific occasions
Constraints created by occasions
Constraints not absolute

7. Decorum
“A decorous speech is one that conforms to the expectations of a particular occasion.”
Formality
Length
Intensity

8. Decorum
Supporting material
Identification
Identify your purpose

9. Deliberative Speaking
Prevalent with any formal or informal decision-making group – “What shall we do?”
Answer not self evident, but a decision is required
Involves informing and persuading

10. Deliberative Speaking
Community Service
Oral reports & presentations
Group presentations
Public hearings & debates

11. Ceremonial Speaking Also known as epideictic speaking
Focus on values and bringing people together
Impact of resonance
Articulating unexpressed feelings

12. Ceremonial Speaking Speeches of greeting Speeches of tribute
Introductions
Speeches of tribute
Testimonials, eulogies, toasts, roasts
Speeches marking awards
Presentation, acceptance

13. Deliberative/Ceremonial
Keynote
After-dinner
Commencement

14. Discussion
Discuss Jobs’s speech within the context of the rhetorical situation (audience, occasion, speaker, speech, constraints)
Does the speech employ qualities of ceremonial and deliberative speaking? How so?
Is Jobs’s speech memorable? Why or why not?

15. Chip Kidd

16. Discussion
How does Kidd attempt to establish resonance and/or identification with audience members?
What are your thoughts on the structure and “pace” of Kidd’s presentation?
Is Kidd’s presentation memorable? Why or why not?