1. Hydrologic Related Activities within the Joint Institute for Caribbean Climate Studies Eric Harmsen, Ph.D., P.E. Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez Campus

2.  Countries within the humid tropics contain almost one-third of the total world population.  Countries within the humid tropics contain almost one-third of the total world population.  Within this region there are many small islands whose water resources are subject to an ever-increasing risk.  The threat to water resources include: population pressure, urban development, pollution, and potentially adverse changes in the climate Background

4. A Small-Scale View of the Hydrologic Cycle

5. Objective Develop tools for estimating and predicting components of the hydrologic cycle. (e.g., soil moisture) Develop tools for estimating and predicting components of the hydrologic cycle. (e.g., soil moisture) Construct island-wide groundwater flow and surface hydrologic models to be coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) Construct island-wide groundwater flow and surface hydrologic models to be coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)

6. “Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm and its Implementation Applied to a Selected Area in Puerto Rico”

7. “Inverse procedure for estimating vertically distributed soil hydraulic parameters using GPR” “Validation of an inverse procedure for estimating soil moisture content using GPR”

8. “Estimating long-term average monthly evapotranspiration from pan evaporation data at seven locations in Puerto Rico”

10. ATLAS Mission

11. Initial Hydrologic ModelingEfforts 1.Development Conceptual Groundwater Model for Puerto Rico Literature Study Use of Numerical Tools GMS GIS Remote Sensing 2.Model Configuration (MODFLOW) 3.Calibration and validation efforts 4.Model Coupling 5.Predictive Simulations

12. Locations of USGS Groundwater Resource and Modeling Studies in Puerto Rico

13. Groundwater Finite Difference Grid

14. Characterization of Aquifer Units

15. Geological Characterization BoreholesSolid TINS Cross Sections 3-D Visualization

16. Surface Hydrologic Model 1.Development of a Surface Hydrologic Conceptual Model Literature Study Use of Numerical Tools WMS GMS Remote Sensing 2.Model Selection LEAF-2 TOPMODEL HSPF 3.Calibration and validation efforts 4.Model Coupling 5.Predictive Simulations

17. HSPF HSPF is capable of simulating the balance of moisture within the first few meters of the ground surface.

18. Groundwater/Surface Water  Proposals –NSF-WEAVE (PR Hydrologic Model) –Sea Grant (Submarine Groundwater Discharge) –EQSERC (Air and Watershed Modeling) –NASA (El Yunque Climate/Hydrologic Modeling)

19. PR Climate/Hydrologic Model

20. Real-Time Hydrologic Modeling System Flowchart

21. Potential Challenges  Puerto Rico has extreme variations in –Topography –Geology –Soils –Weather