Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types

Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types
Objectives Recognize subjects and predicates. Convert fragments into complete sentences. Recognize basic sentence faults such as comma splices and run-on sentences. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types
Complete sentences in three basic patterns. Punctuate statements, commands, questions, and exclamations. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
What is a sentence? A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Elements A sentence is composed of two essential elements: 1. A subject 2. A predicate Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Elements Subject What is being talked about Predicate What the subject is What the subject is doing What is being done to the subject Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. What is being talked about? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. \________________/ complete subject Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. What is the subject doing? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. \_________________/ complete predicate Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. What is the simple subject? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. \______/ simple subject Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. What is the simple predicate? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements A DataTech manager has been calling you. \_____________/ simple predicate Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements Most frequently used helping verbs: am is are was were been have has had must can will do did does ought might could would should Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements To be a sentence, a group of words must make sense. A set of guidelines was developed \______________/ \___________/ complete subject complete predicate Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements To be a sentence, a group of words must make sense. Being used to order computer supplies Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Subject Elements To be a sentence, a group of words must make sense. Being used to order computer supplies Fragment. Does not make sense. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the complete subject. My company office is installing new equipment. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the complete predicate. My company office is installing new equipment. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the simple subject. My company office is installing new equipment. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the simple predicate. My company office is installing new equipment. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the complete subject. Our competitor hired one of our best designers. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the complete predicate. Our competitor hired one of our best designers. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the simple subject. Our competitor hired one of our best designers. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the simple predicate. Our competitor hired one of our best designers. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the simple subject. Skilled with computers, Jan was hired today. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the simple predicate. Skilled with computers, Jan was hired today. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults Three Types Fragment Comma Splice Run-on Sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults A fragment is only part of a sentence and should not be punctuated as if it were complete. Which will be answered when we discuss the next chapter A student who won honors at graduation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults A comma splice results when two complete sentences are incorrectly joined with a comma. Mr. Hudson will take his vacation in June, Miss James will vacation in July. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults A comma splice results when two complete sentences are incorrectly joined with a comma. Mr. Hudson will take his vacation in June. Miss James will vacation in July. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults A run-on sentence (or fused sentence) results when two complete thoughts are run together without punctuation. We hope to continue doing business with you call us if you have further questions. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults A run-on sentence (or fused sentence) results when two complete thoughts are run together without punctuation. We hope to continue doing business with you. call us if you have further questions. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Faults A run-on sentence (or fused sentence) results when two complete thoughts are run together without punctuation. We hope to continue doing business with you. Call us if you have further questions. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the sentence fault. 1. Unless I hear from you to the contrary. a. Fragment b. Comma Splice c. Run-on Sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the sentence fault. 2. No stock market prices were available, the market was closed for the holiday. a. Fragment b. Comma Splice c. Run-on Sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the sentence fault. 3. Which you said you would finish in the near future. a. Fragment b. Comma Splice c. Run-on Sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Select the sentence fault. 4. Some employees will work Sunday other employees will come in early Monday. a. Fragment b. Comma Splice c. Run-on Sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Patterns Three Types Subject-Verb Subject-Action Verb-Object Subject-Linking Verb-Complement Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Patterns Pattern No. 1 Subject Verb He drove. Somebody was yelling. All the people might be voting. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Patterns Pattern No. 2a Subject Action Verb Object He drove cars. Somebody carried the message. All the people marked their ballots. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Patterns Pattern No. 2b Action Indirect Direct Subject Verb Object Object Janell brought him the forms. The dealer offered Bob a good price. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Patterns Pattern No. 3 Subject Linking Verb Complement The manager is Ms. Andrews. The caller may have been he. Their files are neat. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Patterns A sentence is said to be inverted when its verb precedes its subject. Inverted Order: Winning easily was the varsity team. Normal Order: The varsity team was winning easily. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Normalize the verb-subject order of this sentence. Leading the charity drive is Renee Cornell. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Normalize the verb-subject order of this sentence. Leading the charity drive is Renee Cornell. Renee Cornell is leading the charity drive. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Revise this sentence to attain normal subject-verb order. Have you read your ? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Revise this sentence to attain normal subject-verb order. Have you read your ? You have read your ? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Arrange the words of this sentence in normal subject-verb order. Here are the materials. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Arrange the words of this sentence in normal subject-verb order. Here are the materials. The materials are here. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Types Four Types Statement Question Command Exclamation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Types Statement Janice designed the brochures. Question Will Michael distribute them? Command Tell me where to send them. Exclamation What a handsome brochure it is! Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Classify the sentence type. 1. One of my friends is preparing for a job interview. a. Statement b. Question c. Command d. Fragment e. Exclamation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Classify the sentence type. 2. During the interview if you are honest, enthusiastic, polite, and positive. a. Statement b. Question c. Command d. Fragment e. Exclamation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Classify the sentence type. 3. Why do you think you should work for us? a. Statement b. Question c. Command d. Fragment e. Exclamation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Classify the sentence type. 4. What an adventure that interview was! a. Statement b. Question c. Command d. Fragment e. Exclamation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Check your skill . . . Classify the sentence type. 5. Prepare carefully by practicing questions and answers. a. Statement b. Question c. Command d. Fragment e. Exclamation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 1. What is the simple subject in the following sentence? Three job candidates sent their résumés. a. Three b. job c. candidates d. résumés Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 2. What is the simple subject in the following sentence? There are two open positions. a. There b. are c. two d. positions Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 3. How would you label the following group of words? Because she was hired a. Complete sentence b. Complement c. Fragment d. Complete predicate Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 4. What is the subject in the following sentence? Proofread your résumé carefully. a. Proofread b. You (understood) c. résumé d. your Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 5. What is the principal verb in the following sentence? She should have been listening. a. should b. have c. been d. listening Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 6. Classify the group of words shown below. Although the computer was delivered a week ago and the printer installed yesterday. a. Correctly punctuated sentence b. Fragment c. Comma splice d. Run-on sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 7. Classify the group of words shown below. Five candidates filled out applications for the position, two will be selected for interviews. a. Correctly punctuated sentence b. Fragment c. Comma splice d. Run-on sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 8. Classify the group of words shown below. Some candidates ask only about job benefits others are more interested in responsibilities and advancement. a. Correctly punctuated sentence b. Fragment c. Comma splice d. Run-on sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 9. Classify the group of words shown below. When the human resources director completes interviewing next Wednesday, she will announce the names of the new employees. a. Correctly punctuated sentence b. Fragment c. Comma splice d. Run-on sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Chapter 3 - Quiz 10. Classify the group of words shown below. Prospective employers don’t want your entire job history, they want to see only essential points that qualify you for a job. a. Correctly punctuated sentence b. Fragment c. Comma splice d. Run-on sentence Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

END Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e

Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types

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