Hazardous Materials Operations Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

Hazardous Materials Operations Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”
N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific” January 01, 2010

Hazardous Materials Operations
N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific” Objective After Completing this Course, the Student will Demonstrate a Knowledge of Hazardous Materials Practices and Procedures in Accordance with N.F.P.A Operational Mission Specific “Technical Decontamination” with 70% Accuracy on a Written Exam

Module 3 Mission-Specific Responsibilities Technical Decontamination
6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Decontamination NFPA 6.4

Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Technical Decontamination
The planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable. (ALARA) Taken from NFPA Chapter 3 * Technical Decontamination. The planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). A Technical Decontamination. Technical decontamination is the process subsequent to gross decontamination designed to remove contaminants from responders, their equipment, and victims. It is intended to minimize the spread of contamination and ensure responder safety. Technical decontamination is normally established in support of emergency responder entry operations at a hazardous materials incident, with the scope and level of technical decontamination based on the type and properties of the contaminants involved. In non life threatening contamination incidents, technical decontamination can also be used on victims of the initial release. Examples of technical decontamination methods are the following: Absorption (7) Isolation and disposal (2) Adsorption (8) Neutralization (3) Chemical degradation (9) Solidification (4) Dilution (10) Sterilization (5) Disinfecting (11) Vacuuming (6) Evaporation (12) Washing The specific decontamination procedure to be used at an incident is typically selected by a hazardous materials technician (see 7.3.4) and is subject to the approval of the incident commander. NFPA

Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Emergency Decontamination
The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination corridor. Taken from NFPA Chapter 3 * Emergency Decontamination. The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination corridor. A Emergency Decontamination. This process can be as simple as removal of outer or all garments from the individual to washing down with water from a fire hose or emergency safety shower. The sole purpose is to quickly separate as much of the contaminant as possible from the individual to minimize exposure and injury. NFPA

Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Gross Decontamination
The phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminants is significantly reduced. Taken from NFPA Chapter 3 * Gross Decontamination. The phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminants is significantly reduced. A Gross Decontamination. Victims of a hazardous material release that is potentially life threatening due to continued exposure from contamination are initially put through a gross decontamination, which will significantly reduce the amount of additional exposure. This is usually accomplished by mechanical removal of the contaminant or initial rinsing from handheld hose lines, emergency showers, or other nearby sources of water. Responders operating in a contaminated zone in personal protective equipment (PPE) are put through gross decontamination, which will make it safer for them to remove the PPE without exposure and for members assisting them. NFPA

Technical Decontamination
Introduction Operations Level Assigned to perform; Technical Decon Competent to Implement: Technical Decontamination The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall be that person, competent at the operations level, who is assigned to implement technical decontamination operations at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall be trained to meet all competencies at the awareness level (Chapter 4), all core competencies at the operations level (Chapter 5), all mission-specific competencies for personal protective equipment (Section 6.2), and all competencies in this section. The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, or standard operating procedures. * The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents shall receive the additional training necessary to meet specific needs of the jurisdiction. A Additional training opportunities can be available through local and state law enforcement, public health agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NFPA / / /

Important Note Direct Guidance: Working under control
Some information may be taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician Operations Level may be asked to perform at this level but Do Not Replace HMT. Direct Guidance: Working under control of an HMT continually being assessed / feedback The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, or standard operating procedures. Some Mission-Specific competency information may be taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician, It should be pointed out that the Operations Level Responder with a Mission-Specific competency are not replacements for the Technician. Operations Level Responders may be asked to perform some technician level skills but they do not have the broader skills and competencies required of an HMT, particularly in Risk Assessment and selection of Control Options. Below are two ways or examples of how guidance can be provided to ensure Operations level Responders do not go beyond their level of training and equipment. Direct Guidance: Working under control of an HMT who has the ability to (1) continually assess and / or observe actions and (2) provide feedback. This can be provided through direct visual observation or through assessment reports. Written Guidance: (See Next Slide) NFPA

Written Guidance: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs) “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level Task expected of Operations Level Responders Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, or standard operating procedures. Written Guidance: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs) Both should give clear guidance on the “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level Emphasis should be placed on the following: Task expected of Operations Level Responders Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS NFPA

Goal The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to provide the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills to perform the task in safely and effectively. The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to provide the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills to perform the tasks in safely and effectively. NFPA

When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: NFPA

Goal Analyze Plan Implement Evaluate Terminate NFPA 6.4.1.2.2
When responding to hazardous materials/WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: Analyze Plan Implement Evaluate Terminate (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a technical decontamination process to minimize the hazard. (2) Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the (2)(a) Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. (2)(b) Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. (3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the technical decontamination process. (4) Terminate the incident by completing the providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. NFPA

Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a technical decontamination process to minimize the hazard. Process should be directed towards Confinement to Hot Zone and Decontamination Corridor Vital Component of Pre-Incident Planning and the Hazard and Risk Evaluation Process Types of Technical Decontamination Methods will be described in (2) (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a technical decontamination process to minimize the hazard. Process should be directed towards Confinement to Hot Zone and Decontamination Corridor. The actions required need to be made quickly to prevent the spread of the product and possible Secondary Contamination by upset or panic stricken victims seeking assistance from anyone near them, these Victims require Firm Guidance. Vital Component of Pre-Incident Planning and the Hazard and Risk Evaluation Process. It is extremely important to gather this information once the product has been identified, the level of Personal Protective Equipment and the resource requirements determined. If Unknown: Highest level of protection and safest method for decontamination possible. Skill Sheet: E NFPA (1)

NO ENTRY Until decontamination Method Determined and Established … Except ! Where a Rescue Might Be Possible and Emergency Decontamination is Established Decontamination Requires an Organized and Well-Ordered Procedure This Requires a PLAN (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a technical decontamination process to minimize the hazard. NO ENTRY … Until decontamination Method Determined and Established … Responders need to know that they can be decontaminated prior to entry and that the resources are available and established. Except .. Where a Rescue Might Be Possible and Emergency Decontamination is Established. This Risk Analysis is not easy but the Safety of the responders must come First to prevent a larger problem or disaster. Decontamination Requires an Organized and Well-Ordered Procedure This Requires a PLAN Skill Sheet: E NFPA (1)

Technical Decontamination Decontamination Plan Should Address:
Site Layout Decontamination Method / Equipment Needed Number of Personnel Required Level of P.P.E. and Equipment Disposal Methods Runoff Control Emergency Medical Requirements Collecting / Disposal – Contaminated Clothing (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a technical decontamination process to minimize the hazard. Decontamination Plan Should Address: Site Layout Decontamination Method / Equipment Needed Number of Personnel Required Level of P.P.E. and Equipment Disposal Methods Runoff Control Emergency Medical Requirements Collecting / Disposal – Contaminated Clothing Skill Sheet: E NFPA (1)

Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral components of overall I.A.P. documentation. (2) Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan and covered by Standard Operating Procedure or Standard Operating Guideline. Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral components of overall Incident Action Plan, NIMS forms and Local documents can assist greatly with information gathering and availability. NFPA (2)(a) & (b)

Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. (2) Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: (2)(a) Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. (2)(b) Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. NFPA (2)(a) & (b)

Technical Decontamination Perform the technical decontamination
duties as assigned. The Decontamination Team Leader is responsible to the Operation Officer The team leader supervises and controls all phases of the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). (2) (2)(a) Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. 1. Obtains briefing from Operation Officer. 2. Locates, organizes, and supervises the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). 3. Coordinates operations with the Operation Officer. Coordinates with Safety Officer, District Health Department, Research Officer, and Operation Officer to select appropriate decontamination Procedures for both incident personnel and victims. The Command Staff will make final decision. Ensure that contaminated equipment is appropriately decontaminated at the site, or proper documentation, containerized and labeled for off site decontamination or disposal. Ensure proper level and type of protective clothing is worn by the decontamination team as selected by the command staff. 7. Ensure extra breathing air supply is available. Order sufficient water supply with required pressure at scene to provide the necessary water for washing as well as a protection water line and dermal shower. 9. Have E.M.S. Branch do medical evaluation on Decon Personnel and record. 10. Ensure decontaminate protective clothing is ready for future use. 11. Monitor workers for safety issues in CRZ. 12. Complete decontamination checklist. NFPA (2)(a)

Technical Decontamination Perform the technical decontamination
duties as assigned. The Decontamination Team Member is responsible for appropriate decontamination procedures as assigned to them with in the Contamination Reduction Corridor. The duties may vary to fill specific positions within the Decontamination Corridor (2) (2)(a) Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. 1. Obtain briefing from Decontamination Team Leader. Set up decontamination Reduction Corridor as described, and check and ensure all equipment is in proper working order, and go through decontamination process with all decon personnel. 3. Suit up to appropriate level of protection. Assist Entry Team, one by one, through the Decontamination Corridor and wash off contaminants, removal of protective clothing and equipment (remember "DON'T” place you hands inside of suit just touch outside) and place in proper container, removal of SCBA backpack only (team member will take off mask). Carefully use minimum amount of water as each person advances from pool to pool. The object is to keep all of the contaminants contained in the pools. Before Decontamination Team Members leave decon they "MUST DECON THEMSELVES" and Help each other decon one another. NFPA (2)(a)

Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. Depends on Specific Decontamination System chosen by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the implementation requirements. (2) (2)(b) Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. Depends on Specific Decontamination System chosen by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the implementation requirements. Various Systems should be identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP) and covered in agency Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or Guidelines (SOG’s) NFPA (2)(b)

Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the technical decontamination process. How do you know if it’s working? (3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the technical decontamination process. How do you know if it’s working? Just because Personnel and possibly equipment have gone through Decontamination does not mean they are clean and can be released. What method does the Authority Having Jurisdiction have to verify the Decontamination worked? The process is limited to a Visual Inspection to see if contaminates have been removed and by using Monitoring Equipment to evaluate and verify that contaminates have been removed. NFPA (3)

Evaluating Decon Effectiveness ie. Metering, Test Strips
Mass Decontamination Evaluating Decon Effectiveness LERP / SOPs / SOGs Must have a procedure to test victims after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips (3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the technical decontamination process. Local Emergency response Plan (LERP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) The First Responders responsible to perform these functions must have a procedure to test victims after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. Use whatever method that offers the most accurate result. ie. Metering, Test Strips Thoroughly evaluate the Decontamination process on the Victims, Responders, K-9’s and Equipment Environmental Safety and Health personnel may be beneficial with Decon Monitoring. NFPA (3)

Terminate the incident by completing the providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. There should be a transcript to document all activities of the Decontamination for a multitude of reasons. 1. Health Issues of Responders in the Future 2. Legal proceedings in the Future 3. Training Purposes for Future Responses 4. Monetary Reimbursement a) Personnel Cost b) Logistical Support Cost c) Equipment Used / Disposed Of (4) Terminate the incident by completing the providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. There should be a transcript to document all activities of the Decontamination for a multitude of reasons. Health Issues of Responders in the Future: Signs and Symptoms may take long periods of time to show up. Diseases, Illnesses such as Cancer may not develop for Years in the Future. Legal proceedings in the Future: If a crime scene or incident involving litigation, these documents may come into play concerning; Health Risk, Amount of Contamination and Exposure, Product used and the cost to the Local, State and Federal Government in Dollars and to Physical effects to responders Training Purposes for Future Responses: Responders can learn from Actual Experiences for future responses: what worked, what didn’t, What to do or Not do Monetary Reimbursement: Personnel Cost Logistical Support Cost Equipment Used / Disposed Of NFPA (4)

Technical Decontamination Reporting and Documentation
LERP / SOPs / SOGs NIMS Requirements OSHA Requirements NFIRS Requirements (4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. Personnel must know their own Authority Having Jurisdictions LERP and SOPs / SOGs. These local documents normally follow the requirements of the Manufacturer, the Local Risk Management and the Authority Having Jurisdiction Insurer. Such documents would be the Medical Exposure Forms, Maintenance and Use Form for the S.C.B.A., Equipment Manufacturers Recommendations, P.P.E. Exposure and Cleaning NIMS has multiple Forms available for the Incident Command System that would be beneficial as historical documents of assignments, Incident Action Plan etc. OSHA has specific requirements for Hazardous Materials regarding Medical Evaluations, P.P.E. Cleaning and Inspection NFIRS reporting requirements for National Statistics also become historical documents as a record of the event and related information. NFPA (4)

Reporting and Documentation Decontamination Specific Names of Victims Substance that was released / Decon Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure Decon Personnel Detailed description of Decon procedures Evidence collected Observations made (4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. The individual In-Charge of the Decontamination corridor should complete any documentation and recordkeeping required by the Emergency Response Plan or Standard Operating Procedures or Guidelines. This documentation should be included with the final report. Decontamination Specific information should include: Names of Victims: may be hard to accomplish, try to get everyone who goes through Substance that was released / Decon’d and any known information of product Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure of personnel performing Decon. Detailed description of Decon procedures / activities to include method / solutions and possible effectiveness. Evidence collected Observations made of the scene in general, indicate pros and cons and any decon incidents. NFPA (4)

Mission-Specific Responsibilities
Technical Decontamination Planning the Response 6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Decontamination. Competencies – Planning the Response. NFPA 6.4.3

Selecting Personal Protective Equipment Given an emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select the personal protective equipment required to support technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents based on local procedures. (see Section 6.2) Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Personal Protective Equipment. Given an emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select the personal protective equipment required to support technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents based on local procedures (see Section 6.2). Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. NFPA

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Given scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select a technical decontamination procedure that will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination and determine the equipment required to implement that procedure and shall meet the following requirements: Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. Given scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select a technical decontamination procedure that will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination and determine the equipment required to implement that procedure and shall meet the following requirements: Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. NFPA

Technical Decontamination What Steps Need to Be Accomplished ?
Tool Drop: To be used again or until “Tool Decontamination or Disposal” Gross Decontamination: Technical Decontamination Removal of Outer P.P.E. Removal of Personal Clothing Proceed to Personal Decontamination Shower, Medical Monitoring and Rehabilitation Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. Given scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select a technical decontamination procedure that will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination and determine the equipment required to implement that procedure and shall meet the following requirements: What Steps Need to Be Accomplished ? Tool Drop: To be used again or until “Tool Decontamination or Disposal” Gross Decontamination: Technical Decontamination Removal of Outer Personal Protective Equipment. Removal of Personal Clothing Proceed to Personal Decontamination Shower, Medical Monitoring and Rehabilitation NFPA

Identify the advantages and limitations of technical decontamination operations. Advantage: More In Depth and Thorough Cleaning Considered Safer for First Responders Limitations: More Detailed / Takes Longer to Set Up More Time Consuming per Victim Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (1) Identify the advantages and limitations of technical decontamination operations. Advantage: More In Depth and Thorough Cleaning: Better chance of getting all the contaminates off thus reducing the exposure time to responders. Considered Safer for First Responders: Those who were in the Hot Zone and being cleaned and those working the line, less chance of Secondary Contamination if done properly Limitations: More Detailed / Takes Longer to Set Up: More components to set up, means more equipment required and more personnel to perform the functions More Time Consuming per Victim: Due to multiple steps and limited facilities, means one Victim / Responder after another which may require wait time for those in line Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob: People react differently under duress and can sometime become violent and physical to obtain treatment “First”, as well as potentially spreading “Secondary Contamination”, this requires caution from responders. Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact: Incidents can happen anywhere, anytime, In Winter or colder climates, may be hard to set up and get victims to run through “Cold Water” and get undressed at the same time. NFPA 6.4

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Absorption Adsorption Chemical Degradation Dilution Disinfection Evaporation Isolation and Disposal Neutralization Solidification Sterilization Vacuuming Washing Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Absorption Adsorption Chemical degradation Dilution Disinfection Evaporation Isolation and disposal Neutralization Solidification Sterilization Vacuuming Washing NFPA (2)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures
Absorption: Picking up liquid contaminants with absorbents Advantage: Inexpensive and readily available Limitations: Does not alter the hazardous material Have limited use on protective clothing and vertical surfaces Disposal of absorbents may be a problem Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Absorption Picking up liquid contaminants with absorbents Acts like a “Sponge”, Picks up material and holds it Advantage – Absorbents are inexpensive and readily available Limitations Absorbents do not alter the hazardous material Absorbents have limited use on protective clothing and vertical surfaces The disposal of absorbents may be a problem NFPA (2)(a)

Adsorption: Process in which a hazardous liquid interacts with (or is bound to) the surface of a sorbent material Advantage: Quick controlling with immediate contact Limitations: Chemical retains it chemical and physical properties Process may generate heat Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Adsorption Process in which a hazardous liquid interacts with (or is bound to) the surface of a sorbent material Acts like “Masking Tape” picking up lint Advantage – Adsorbents can be quick controlling with immediate contact Limitations May generate Heat Chemical retains it chemical and physical properties NFPA (2)(a)

Chemical Degradation: Using another material to change the chemical structure of a hazardous material Commonly used materials Household bleach Isopropyl alcohol Hydrated lime Household drain cleaner Baking soda Liquid detergents Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Chemical degradation Using another material to change the chemical structure of a hazardous material Commonly used materials 1) Household bleach 2) Isopropyl alcohol 3) Hydrated lime 4) Household drain cleaner 5) Baking soda 6) Liquid detergents NFPA (2)(c)

Chemical Degradation: Advantage: Can reduce cleanup costs and the risk posed to the first responder Limitations: Takes time to determine the right chemical to use and set up the process Can be harmful to first responders if the process creates heat and toxic vapors Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Chemical degradation Advantage Can reduce cleanup costs and the risk posed to the first responder Limitations Takes time to determine the right chemical to use and set up the process Can be harmful to first responders if the process creates heat and toxic vapors NFPA (2)(c)

Dilution: Using water to flush contaminants from contaminated victims or objects and diluting water-soluble hazardous materials to safe levels Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Dilution Using water to flush contaminants from contaminated victims or objects and diluting water-soluble hazardous materials to safe level NFPA (2)(d)

Dilution: Advantage: The accessibility, speed, and economy of using Water Limitations: Water may cause a reaction and create even more serious problems. Runoff water from the process is still contaminated and must be confined and then disposed of properly. Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Dilution Advantage The accessibility, speed, and economy of using water Limitations Water may cause a reaction and create even more serious problems. Runoff water from the process is still contaminated and must be confined and then disposed of properly. NFPA (2)(d)

Disinfection: Sanitization, Disinfection Processes that render etiological contaminants harmless Kills most of the microorganisms present using a variety of chemical or antiseptic products Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Disinfection Sanitization, disinfection Processes that render etiological contaminants harmless a) Sanitization Reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level (such as by washing hands with soap and water) b) Disinfection Kills most of the microorganisms present NFPA (2)(e)

Sanitization, Disinfection Sanitization Reduces the number of microorganisms present to a safe level (Such as washing hands with soap and water) Disinfection Kills most of the microorganisms present Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Disinfection Sanitization, disinfection, a) Sanitization Reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level (such as by washing hands with soap and water) b) Disinfection Kills most of the microorganisms present NFPA (2)(d)

Evaporation: Can be accomplished by simply waiting long enough for hazardous materials to evaporate Not a technique used during emergency operations, however can be used on tools and equipment when exposure time is not a safety issue Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Evaporation Can be accomplished by simply waiting long enough for hazardous materials to evaporate NFPA (2)(f)

Isolation and Disposal: Isolating the contaminated items by collecting them in some fashion and then disposing of them in accordance with applicable regulations and laws Not all tools and equipment can be decontaminated and must be disposed of correctly. Disposal may be cheaper and easier than the decontamination. However disposal can be very costly as well Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Isolation and disposal Isolating the contaminated items by collecting them in some fashion and then disposing of them in accordance with applicable regulations and laws NFPA (2)(g)

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Neutralization: Changing the pH of a corrosive; Raising or Lowering it towards 7 (neutral) on the pH scale Correct measurements of Neutralizing agent must be accomplished prior to mass application due to possible chemical reaction in accomplishing task Should NOT be used on Personnel Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Neutralization Changing the pH of a corrosive, raising, or lowering, it towards 7 (neutral) on the pH scale NFPA (2)(h)

Solidification: Process that takes a hazardous liquid and treats it chemically so that it turns into a solid. This process makes the product easier to handle but does not change the inherent chemical properties of the substance. Most are “Cement Based” and are used on Spills Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Solidification Process that treats a hazardous liquid and chemically so that it turns into a solid NFPA (2)(i)

Sterilization: Processes that render etiological contaminants harmless Kills all microorganisms present, with chemicals, steam, heat, or radiation Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Sterilization Kills all microorganisms present, with chemicals, steam, heat, or radiation NFPA (2)(j)

Vacuuming: Process using high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter vacuum cleaners to vacuum solid materials such as fibers, dusts, powders, and particulates from surfaces. Do Not Use regular vacuums do to lack of proper filter .. Not fine enough to catch all materials Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Vacuuming Process using high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter vacuum cleaners to vacuum solid materials such as fibers, dusts, powders, and particulates from surfaces NFPA (2)(k)

Washing: Process similar to dilution, but also involves using prepared solutions such as solvents, soap and / or detergents mixed with water in order to make the contaminant more water-soluble before rinsing with plain water Responders need to watch water run-off to ensure Proper containment and disposal Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Washing Sanitization – Reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level (such as by washing hands with soap and water) Process similar to dilution, but also involves using prepared solutions such as solvents, soap, and/or detergents mixed with water in order to make the contaminant more water-soluble before rinsing with plain water NFPA (2)(l)

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Identify sources of information for determining the correct technical decontamination procedure and identify how to access those resources in a hazardous materials / WMD incident. Manufacturer is Best Resource CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ Resource Books / Manuals Electronic Databases National and Local Poison Control Centers Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (3) Identify sources of information for determining the correct technical decontamination procedure and identify how to access those resources in a hazardous materials / WMD incident. The Manufacturer of the product is the Best resource for their product and how to handle emergencies involving them. CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ can help facilitate contact with manufacturers. There are multiple Resource Books and Manuals that will provide information such as the Chris Manual by the U.S. Coast Guard, The Railroad Guide to Chemicals, the N.F.P.A. Hazardous Materials Guidebook to name a few With the implementation of the electronic age, many websites and programs are Available such as “Wiser” Local and Regional Poison Control Centers can be a valuable asset for information NFPA (3)

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. It should be noted that not all Decontamination Procedures will be the same. Dry versus Wet have different Requirements Technical Decon may vary based on the Chemical The following is a sample of a basic Wet System Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. Small Tarp: Tool Drop Containment – Large Tarp: Decon Line Pools: To collect water from decon efforts Water Supply: Engine, Hydrant; Manifold, Garden Hoses Water Spray Devices: Shower, Hoops, Spray Wands, Spray Nozzles Buckets with brushes: Mild Soap: Dawn Detergent Ladder: If needed to make overhead shower, run ladder between two trucks or to use as rail for Non-ambulatory patients. Large Garbage Bags: Contaminated P.P.E. / Clothing / Trash Garbage Type Containers: In Decon Line for Disposables: Tape, Nitrile gloves etc Also to be used to hold bags for P.P.E. items: helmets, Outer Gloves, Boots etc. Benches: Sturdy, No Backs or Arms for Personnel Donning and Doffing procedures Balance Device: Walker, Four legged Cane, Pole to assist Personnel maintain balance NFPA (4)

NFPA 6.4.3.2(4) 6.4.3 Competencies – Planning the Response.
Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. The Picture displayed is a sample basic “Technical Decontamination Layout” Hot Zone on Left: First Step: Tool Drop, commonly a small table is put out so Responders entering in Level A or B suits do not have to bend over to pick-up and reuse tools that have been contaminated and left at this location. Second Step: Gross Decon, Technical Decon, Personal Protective Clothing Decon Depending on product to be decontaminated and type Decon System deployed. Third Step: Monitoring; Chemical Meters, pH paper / Meter, Radiation Fourth Step: Removal of Outer Layer of Personal protective Equipment. If Level A, All one ensemble; Outside “Dirty”, everything inside should be “Clean”. If Level B, Multiple components require additional equipment and detailed steps. Fifth Step: Respirator removal, Inner Clothing Removal, Sixth Step: Personnel Shower and Redress go to Rehab for Seventh Step: Medical Check Note: “Emergency Decon set up for Non-Ambulatory Victims as well, may or may not be used but “Emergency Decon” needs to be established for Responders initially. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows a large tarp being laid out with a 2 ½” Fire Hose circle around to provide both the water supply as well as the form for the berm to me made. Small Tarp – Tool Drop: On the edge of the decon “Entry Point” from the Hot Zone, you should place a small tarp with bermed edges to collect items that need not be bought out of the Hot Zone but are either Tools that can be used by other entry teams or Weapons, Ammunition and even Evidence that needs to be controlled and accounted for. On the Tarp place a small table so responders in Level A’s and Level B’s don’t need to bend over to take and place tools. If anticipating Law Enforcement or Evidence, Clean Pails or small barrels properly labeled will also be placed in the Tool Drop for Decontamination at a later time. Large Tarp – Decon Line: A large tarp with the Water Supply line forming the berm around the outer edges is where the majority of the Decontamination will be set up along with other items as determined by the AHJ depending on the System chosen. Their should be a designated “Clean” and “Dirty” Side. All over spray, Over pack drums etc. will be in the “Dirty” side. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This slide shows the final basic Tarp ready for pools, showers, and all the other needed equipment for the Decontamination Process. Small Tarp – Tool Drop: On the edge of the decon “Entry Point” from the Hot Zone, you should place a small tarp with bermed edges to collect items that need not be bought out of the Hot Zone but are either Tools that can be used by other entry teams or Weapons, Ammunition and even Evidence that needs to be controlled and accounted for. On the Tarp place a small table so responders in Level A’s and Level B’s don’t need to bend over to take and place tools. If anticipating Law Enforcement or Evidence, Clean Pails or small barrels properly labeled will also be placed in the Tool Drop for Decontamination at a later time. Large Tarp – Decon Line: A large tarp with the Water Supply line forming the berm around the outer edges is where the majority of the Decontamination will be set up along with other items as determined by the AHJ depending on the System chosen. Their should be a designated “Clean” and “Dirty” Side. All over spray, Over pack drums etc. will be in the “Dirty” side. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows various types of water distributors, commercial and home made to provide water to the Garden Hoses for the Decon Process. Water Supply – Fire Hose: 2½” makes a good berm, easy enough to step over but big enough to hold in spillage and waste. Water Distributor: Required at the end of Fire Hose, Should be reduced from water supply Fire Hose to multiple Garden Hose valves. Green Garden Hose: Recommend Green Garden Hose to supply shower wands, hoops or improvised showers. “Green is Clean” NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows a simple 5 gallon pail with both firm and soft bristle brushes for potentially scrubbing removal Contaminate off a Responder Buckets with brushes: A few buckets or pails to hold the Mild Soap and Water solution as well as the brushes and spray wands to prevent spreading contamination and Responders from tripping on items on the ground. Mild Soap: “Dawn Detergent” has been tested as being one of the better “Bacterial” removal soaps but any liquid detergent will be beneficial. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This pictures shows some examples of the many types of pools available, It is important that the pools do not have sides so high, Responders have trouble stepping into them while in a Level A, B or C ensemble and that are big enough to capture any overspray while the process takes place. Pools: – To collect water from decon efforts, multiple choices for the AHJ. The Authority Having Jurisdiction is only limited by how much money they want to spend and having the Personnel and Transportation resources to get the Equipment where it’s needed. Step Pads: Required to keep the contaminated victim out of the “Dirty Water” Sump Pump with Red Garden Hose: Required to remove water from pool and put Into Recovery Drum as “Hazardous Waste. Recommend small disposable Pump and the use of “Red” garden hose for waste water, Red for “Danger”. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows a couple different pools with the Step Pads in place, keeping the Responder out of the waste water that comes from the Decon Process. Pools: – To collect water from decon efforts, multiple choices for the AHJ. The Authority Having Jurisdiction is only limited by how much money they want to spend and having the Personnel and Transportation resources to get the Equipment where it’s needed. Step Pads: Required to keep the contaminated victim out of the “Dirty Water” Sump Pump with Red Garden Hose: Required to remove water from pool and put Into Recovery Drum as “Hazardous Waste. Recommend small disposable Pump and the use of “Red” garden hose for waste water, Red for “Danger”. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. Sump Pump with Red Garden Hose: Required to remove water from pool and put Into Recovery Drum as “Hazardous Waste. Recommend small disposable Pump and the use of “Red” garden hose for waste water, “Red your Dead” or Red for “Danger”. Power Supply: Most sump pumps require electricity, however there are some hand pump models but that can expose personnel to the contaminate and tend to splash or leak more. Power may also be required for Lighting in hours of darkness or in side shelters that may be provided. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. Traffic Cones and Pre-made Signs: Note the use of traffic cones to direct personnel without direct contact and to section off areas of the Decontamination Process: For more advanced systems, Pre-Made signs can be made in pre-planning and training that may be extremely beneficial in reviewing the process; giving directions; marking containers and specific Decontamination stations. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows a couple variations of portable PVC Pipe showers that are available for Decon, note the water over shooting the undersized pool on the right. Water Spray Devices: Shower, Hoops, Spray Wands, Spray Nozzles – Does not have to be elaborate, sometimes the simpler the better. Quicker to set up and requires less personnel. Regional teams should have more sophisticated systems which can be called in for the larger or more hazardous calls. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows the “Hoop” system being used on a Responder with a Level A suit on the left. On the right Top is a “Hand Held Wand” which is great for getting in hard to reach areas such as the bottom of the boots or as in the Right photo-bottom where formal showers are not desired or available. Water Spray Devices: Shower, Hoops, Spray Wands, Spray Nozzles – Does not have to be elaborate, sometimes the simpler the better. Quicker to set up and requires less personnel. Regional teams should have more sophisticated systems which can be called in for the larger or more hazardous calls. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture on the left shows a Decon line inside a large facility, note the use Hand Pump Sprayers to reduce the amount of water and or solution for the Decon Process. The picture on the right is an example of a Hand Pump Sprayer available through any hardware store. Water Spray Devices: Shower, Hoops, Spray Wands, Spray Nozzles – Does not have to be elaborate, sometimes the simpler the better. Quicker to set up and requires less personnel. Regional teams should have more sophisticated systems which can be called in for the larger or more hazardous calls. NFPA (4) Hand Pump Sprayers

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture on the left shows two assistants holding a pike pole on either end adding support for the Responder going through Decon. The picture on the right shows a walker commonly used in Hospitals and Convalescent homes for support. Balance Device: Walker, Four legged Cane, Pole to assist Personnel maintain balance Balance is Important: Particularly when you are tired and running low on air. Trying to Stand on one foot while others are performing a “Wash” on the bottom of your boot or when trying to step over some of the higher sided pools is a challenge on a good Day, without the problems that a level A or Level B suit presents. Balance is Important NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. Monitoring Station: How do you know if the Decontamination Process is working? You must use the proper Meter or Equipment for the Contaminate to ensure the removal is complete. NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture shows a typical Over Pack drum on the left and a Recovery Drum on the Right. Both types are required for a long duration Decon Line. Over Pack: These items will be required for the Hazardous Waste storage. For Example The Garbage Bags with the Contaminated Clothing, Personal Protective Equipment and weapons or even criminal evidence until that decontamination can take place. Recovery Drums: These items will be required for the Hazardous Waste storage. For example, the water removed from the pools. Large Garbage Bags: Needed to place Contaminated Clothing / Trash such as removed tape or disposable gloves. Bags with personal clothing or items should be marked and tagged with the persons name so potentially cleaned Clothing or Equipment can be returned if possible. This is also important for follow-up in the event criminal evidence is found on the items, the law enforcement can ascertain proximity of its origin based on where the individual traveled NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. This picture depicts used P.P.E. placed in an over pack drum that can be sealed and the items removed at a later time and date for decontamination or evidence gathering. Over Pack: These items will be required for the Hazardous Waste storage. For Example The Garbage Bags with the Contaminated Clothing, Personal Protective Equipment and weapons or even criminal evidence until that decontamination can take place. Recovery Drums: These items will be required for the Hazardous Waste storage. For example, the water removed from the pools. Large Garbage Bags: Needed to place Contaminated Clothing / Trash such as removed tape or disposable gloves. Bags with personal clothing or items should be marked and tagged with the persons name so potentially cleaned Clothing or Equipment can be returned if possible. This is also important for follow-up in the event criminal evidence is found on the items, the law enforcement can ascertain proximity of its origin based on where the individual traveled NFPA (4)

Avoid Chairs or Stools that have backs and arms or that are not sturdy enough for the extra weight such as the SCBA Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. Benches – Sturdy, No Backs or Arms for Personnel Donning and Doffing procedures NFPA (4)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. Medical Check: All personnel should be required to go through Medical for a check up, this data should be recorded and saved for future potential problems. It can also be compared to the Baseline data that should already be on file with Medical Control. NFPA (4)

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Identify the procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for processing evidence during technical decontamination operations at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Very Similar to Personnel Decontamination: Evidence that is in “Protective Packaging” only gets the outside of the package decontaminated. Must be Accounted For: Documented for “Chain if Evidence” Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (5) Identify the procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for processing evidence during technical decontamination operations at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Very Similar to Personnel Decontamination: Evidence that is in “Protective Packaging” only gets the outside of the package decontaminated. Do Not Open Containers, Pouches, Coverings. Care must be given that equipment is not “Scrubbed Clean” of Fingerprints or residue. Must be Accounted For: Documentation for “Chain if Evidence”, every step taken, person in contact with it and metering results to ensure decontamination complete. Turned over to Law Enforcement Personnel responsible for investigation and all that information documented. NFPA (5)

Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (5) Identify the procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for processing evidence during technical decontamination operations at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. NFPA (5)

Selecting Decontamination Procedures Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. These subjects requires special safety procedures for all personnel involved. Written SOPs / SOGs and Practice are Key to success Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (6) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. These subjects requires special safety procedures for all personnel involved. Written SOPs / SOGs and Practice are Key to success. Not all Departments need the K-9 Equipment, but all Departments should know who does have the proper tools and equipment and how to request it. NFPA (6)

Technical Decontamination Special Decon Equipment Required
Law Enforcement: The major additional concern with LE is Weapons and Weapon Security. They may require a “clearing” zone and a container that can be secured for future Decon / Disposal K-9s: Additional equipment is listed on the USAR website in a following slide. It involves a special platform so claws don’t get caught, and shielding to prevent spread of contaminates for personnel in case animal “Shakes” while being washed. Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (6) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Law Enforcement: The major additional concern with LE is Weapons and Weapon Security. They may require a “clearing” zone and a container that can be secured for future Decon / Disposal K-9s: Additional equipment is listed on the USAR website in a following slide. It involves a special platform so claws don’t get caught, and shielding to prevent spread of contaminates for personnel in case animal “Shakes” while being washed. NFPA (6)

Law Enforcement Personnel Special Containers should be located in the “Tool Drop”, one for cleared weapons, another for ammunition and devices such as “flash bangs”. If possible, a Law Enforcement Officer should be part of the Decon Team to assist with the special requirements and weapon security See Documents Provided with this Program Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (6) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Special Containers should be located in the “Tool Drop”, one for cleared weapons, ammunition and devices such as “flash bangs” in another separate container. If possible, a Law Enforcement Officer should be part of the Decon Team to assist with the special requirements and weapon security as well as suspect custody. Instructors Note: See Documents Provided with this Program NFPA (6)

This is a Great K-9 Resource Website Run the cursor over the Haz Mat & Decontamination heading and a drop down menu will give you each section. Emergency and Gross Decon Technical Decon Nerve Agents / Mark 1 Kits K-9 Decon Station and Oil Based Decon Testing Advanced K-9 Decon Station and Field Testing Canine Decontamination Lecture Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (6) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. This is a Great K-9 Resource Website Run the cursor over the Haz Mat & Decontamination heading; drop down menu will give you each section. Emergency and Gross Decon Technical Decon Nerve Agents / Mark 1 Kits K-9 Decon Station and Oil Based Decon Testing Advanced K-9 Decon Station and Field Testing Canine Decontamination Lecture NFPA (6)

Animal Decon has been overlooked and these animals are a vital tool in WMD / Drug Lab / Rescue has 2 on-line courses that may be beneficial as well: IS-10 and IS-11 Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (6) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Animal Decon has been overlooked and these animals are a vital tool in WMD / Drug Laboratory investigation as well as Search and Rescue has 2 on-line courses that may be beneficial as well: IS-10 “Animals in Disaster, Module A: Awareness and Preparedness” and IS-11 “Animals in Disaster, Module B: Community Planning” NFPA (6)

It is highly recommended that in the event of Animals and Particularly Trained K-9s being involved with a Crime Scene that has potentially exposed them to Hazardous Materials or WMD; a Veterinarian and Animal Control Officer respond to the scene for treatment and possible sedation to enable treatment or prevent secondary exposure to humans. Contact information and Policies should be included in the Emergency Response Plan. Competencies – Planning the Response. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (6) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for handling tools, equipment, weapons, criminal suspects, and law enforcement / search canines brought to the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials / WMD incidents. It is highly recommended that in the event of Animals and Particularly Trained K-9s being involved with a Crime Scene or incident that has potentially exposed them to Hazardous Materials or WMD; a Veterinarian and Animal Control Officer respond to the scene for treatment and possible sedation to enable treatment or prevent secondary exposure to humans. Animals may have to be sedated for control purposes to allow proper Decontamination as well as to prevent them from running away into the populous and potentially exposing others. Contact information and Policies should be included in the Emergency Response Plan. Veterinarians and Control Officers need to know what they are potentially facing and to bring required medications and equipment or supplies to the scene. Transport may not be safe, practical or available. NFPA (6)

Technical Decontamination Implementing the Planned Response 6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Decontamination. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. NFPA 6.4.4

Performing Incident Management Duties Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident and the emergency response plan or Standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall demonstrate the technical decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan and shall meet the following requirements: Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident and the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall demonstrate the technical decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan and shall meet the following requirements: NFPA

Performing Incident Management Duties Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. The Decontamination Team Leader is responsible to the Operation Officer The team leader supervises and controls all phases of the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). The Decontamination Team Member is responsible for appropriate decontamination procedures as assigned to them with in the Contamination Reduction Corridor. The duties may vary to fill specific positions within the Decontamination Corridor Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. The Decontamination Team Leader is responsible to the Operation Officer The team leader supervises and controls all phases of the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). The Decontamination Team Member is responsible for appropriate decontamination procedures as assigned to them with in the Contamination Reduction Corridor. The duties may vary to fill specific positions within the Decontamination Corridor The Type, Size and Duration of the process selected will determine the number of personnel required to perform the various functions under the direction of the Team Leader. NFPA (1)

Technical Decontamination Role of the Operations Level Responder
Obtain briefing from Decontamination Team Leader. Set up decontamination Reduction Corridor as directed. Check / Ensure all equipment is in proper working order. Suit up to appropriate level of protection. Assist Entry Team through the Decontamination Corridor Wash off contaminants, assist with removal of protective clothing and equipment Remember "DON'T” place your hands inside of any suit going through decontamination, just touch outside. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Obtain briefing from Decontamination Team Leader. Set up decontamination Reduction Corridor as directed. Check / Ensure all equipment is in proper working order reviewing DECON process Suit up to appropriate level of protection. Assist Entry Team through the Decontamination Corridor: Wash off contaminants, assist with removal of protective clothing and equipment Remember "DON'T” place your hands inside of any suit going through decontamination, just touch outside. NFPA (1)

Role of the Operations Level Responder Place removed P.P.E. / Equipment in proper container. Assist with removal of SCBA backpack only (team member will take off mask). Carefully use minimum amount of water as each person advances from pool to pool. The object is to keep all of the contaminants contained in the pools. Before Decontamination Team Members leave decon: Responders "MUST DECON THEMSELVES“ and Help each other decon one another. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Place removed P.P.E. / Equipment in proper container: Disposable can go in trash bags for disposal, reusable P.P.E. goes in drum for Decontamination at later time. Assist with removal of SCBA backpack only (team member will take off mask). Backpack may be held by team member while responder removes garment Carefully use minimum amount of water as each person advances from pool to pool. May have to pump water out into drum container “Hazardous Waste” for proper disposal or neutralization at a later time The object is to keep all of the contaminants contained in the pools. Before Decontamination Team Members leave decon: Responders "MUST DECON THEMSELVES“ and Help each other decon one another. NFPA (1)

Role of the Operations Level Responder Documentation of the entire process is important: Note what Decontamination Process used Note what Personal Protective Equipment used Note Equipment used and Personnel assigned to it Note Type of Chemical Decontaminated Note Effectiveness of Decontamination Process Note any changes in process required based on changing conditions, new information etc. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Documentation of the entire process is important: Note what Decontamination Process used Note what Personal Protective Equipment used Note Equipment used and Personnel assigned to it Note Type of Chemical Decontaminated Note Effectiveness of Decontamination Process Note any changes in process required based on changing conditions, new information etc. Basically: Take note and have a scribe write everything down for a record or actions,\ observations, issues. All this information will them at least be available later for many purposes such as future training; in the event of litigation; Medical History for exposed responders. NFPA (1)

Can Decontamination Be Conducted Safely? Are Existing Resources Adequate? If Not, where can they be obtained? How long will it take to get them? Monitoring and Metering need to be constant. Be Prepared to Change as needed. Consult Technical Specialist such as Environmental and Public Health Agencies. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Can Decontamination Be Conducted Safely? Are Existing Resources Adequate? If Not, where can they be obtained? How long will it take to get them? Monitoring and Metering need to be constant. Be Prepared to Change as needed, weather changes, product changes, malfunctions, remember that the incident is dynamic .. Always changing Consult Technical Specialist such as Environmental and Public Health Agencies, any outside resources should be listed in the Local Emergency Response Plan. NFPA (1)

Criteria that can be used to Evaluate Effectiveness Contamination levels are reduced as personnel move through decontamination area. Contamination is confined to the hot zone and the decontamination area. Contamination is reduced to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Achievable ALARA Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Contamination levels are reduced as personnel move through decontamination area. Contamination is confined to the hot zone and the decontamination area. Contamination is reduced to a level that is: As Low As Reasonably Achievable ALARA NFPA (1)

Large Items of Equipment ! Vehicles and Trucks may be subject to Contamination. Decontamination can be performed by: Large Washes (Car Wash) High-Pressure Washes Steam or Special Solutions How does it happen? Vehicles parked downwind or driving through spill Victims not Decontaminated placed in Ambulances Criminals or Victims placed in Police Cars or POVS Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Large Items of Equipment ! Vehicles and Trucks and large Equipment may be subject to Contamination. Decontamination can be performed by: Large Washes (Car Wash) High-Pressure Washes Steam or Special Solutions How does it happen? How do they get contaminated? Vehicles parked downwind or driving through spill, wind shifts while working / parked. Victims not Decontaminated placed in Ambulances, no secondary contamination occurs to both the ambulance crew and the vehicle Criminals or Victims placed in Police Cars or POVS to get them out of harms way or to secure them, now secondary contamination spreads to the Vehicle. NFPA (1)

Technical Decontamination Large Items of Equipment !
Establish Decontamination Pad Complete Wash and Rinse Several Times Inspect Vehicles Thoroughly for Damage Empty and Wash Opened Compartments Exposed Acids should be “Neutralized” A.S.A.P. Decontaminate “On-Site” if Possible Verify Adequacy of Decontamination Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Large Items of Equipment ! Establish Decontamination Pad, large enough for vehicles, if a concrete Pad or Pool Lined area, the contaminated run-off needs to be collected or drained to a recovery system for disposal or neutralization. Complete Wash and Rinse Several Times: pay special attention to areas of contact such as tires, wheel wells, radiators, Engines, chassis; areas where contaminate can get sprayed during normal operation. Again at least initial run-off needs to be contained Inspect Vehicles Thoroughly for Damage: Mechanical and Electrical: areas of concern include air intakes, filters, cooling systems and air-operated systems. Empty and Wash Opened Compartments Exposed: any compartments that were opened in the contamination zone and tools / equipment removed need to be completely emptied and the tools / equipment decontaminated as well. Acids should be “Neutralized” A.S.A.P.: if left unattended they continue to corrode Decontaminate “On-Site” if Possible: At least for Gross Decon, they can be moved for more detailed washing and rinses if needed. Verify Adequacy of Decontamination: Meter and test to ensure Decon worked. NFPA (1)

Large Items of Equipment ! Personnel should wear appropriate P.P.E. Members closest to Hot Zone may require higher Level Personnel should be monitored for Heat Exhaustion or Possible Exposure Debriefing should be held A.S.A.P. DOCUMENTATION / EXPOSURE RECORDS Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (1) Identify the role of the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations during hazardous materials / WMD incidents. Large Items of Equipment ! Personnel should wear appropriate P.P.E. Members closest to Hot Zone may require higher Level Personnel should be monitored for Heat Exhaustion or Possible Exposure Debriefing should be held A.S.A.P. DOCUMENTATION / EXPOSURE RECORDS need to be filled out and saved for possible future problems, medical questions, legal issues NFPA (1)

Performing Incident Management Duties Describe the procedures for implementing technical decontamination operations within the incident command system. Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Officers and Responders need to know their positions and job requirements and their “Chain of Command” Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Incident Management Duties. (2) Describe the procedures for implementing technical decontamination operations within the incident command system. Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan and covered by Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or Standard Operating Guideline (SOG) NFPA (2)

Hazardous Materials ICS
Incident Commander 5.4.3* Initiating the Incident Command System. Hazardous Material Specific Positions Hazardous Materials is a unique and vital area of responsibility that requires multiple support functions NFPA 5.4.3(3)

Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan The responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement the following types of decontamination operations: This Requires “Hands-On” Practical Applications Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. The responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement the following types of decontamination operations: Instructors’ Note: This Requires “Hands-On” Practical Applications NFPA

Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan Technical decontamination operations in support of entry operations Decontamination needs to be established prior to entry of Personnel for multiple safety reasons Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. (1) Technical decontamination operations in support of entry operations Decontamination needs to be established prior to entry of Personnel for multiple safety reasons. Something goes wrong, Responders need to have that “safety net” to rely on. Skill Sheet: A Skill Sheet: B Skill Sheet: C Skill Sheet: D NFPA (1)

Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. (1) Technical decontamination operations in support of entry operations The picture shows an overview of the Hot, Warm and Cold Zones. Based on wind direction and topography, a safe area for the Decontamination corridor Skill Sheet: A Skill Sheet: B Skill Sheet: C Skill Sheet: D NFPA (1)

Contamination Reduction Zone
WORK ZONES HOT WARM COLD WIND DIRECTION Exclusion Zone Support Zone HOT LINE Contamination Reduction Zone Establishing and Enforcing Scene Control Procedures. 5.4.1(1) Identify the procedures for establishing scene control through control zones. Control Zones: Hot: Also called Exclusion Zone, limit access, accountability of personnel is crucial Warm: This is the Contamination Reduction Zone or Corridor; Place with wind blowing towards Hot Zone. Establish a Control Entry or Access Point, preferably with security for Responders going into the Hot Zone for Rescue and Mitigation as well as: Decontamination System for everyone leaving the Hot Zone Cold: Support Zone, Location of Command Post, logistics support, staging etc. Decon Area access control points Command Post NFPA 5.4.1(1)

Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. (1) Technical decontamination operations in support of entry operations A simply diagram of one type of Decontamination Process: A Basic Model It is important that responders know they have options and they can make the process Larger or more complex as required but with that comes additional logistical and command and control needs Skill Sheet: A Skill Sheet: B Skill Sheet: C Skill Sheet: D NFPA (1)

Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan Technical decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims With Victims that require medical attention, resort to Gross or Emergency Decontamination so that the Victims / Patients can be forwarded directly to Medical for Treatment Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. (2) Technical decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory Victims. With Victims that require medical attention, resort to Gross or Emergency Decontamination so that the Victims / Patients can be forwarded directly to Medical for Treatment. NFPA (2)

Ambulatory Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. (2) Technical decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory Victims. With Victims that require medical attention, resort to Gross or Emergency Decontamination so that the Victims / Patients can be forwarded directly to Medical for Treatment. NFPA

Non-Ambulatory Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response. Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. (2) Technical decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory Victims. With Victims that require medical attention, resort to Gross or Emergency Decontamination so that the Victims / Patients can be forwarded directly to Medical for Treatment. NFPA

Technical Decontamination Evaluating Progress 6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Decontamination. 6.4.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress. NFPA 6.4.5

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Technical Decontamination Process Given examples of contaminated items that have undergone the required decontamination, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall identify procedures for determining whether the items have been fully Decontaminated according to the standard operating procedures of the AHJ or the incident action plan. 6.4.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Technical Decontamination Process. Given examples of contaminated items that have undergone the required decontamination, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall identify procedures for determining whether the items have been fully decontaminated according to the standard operating procedures of the AHJ or the incident action plan. NFPA

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Technical Decontamination Process LERP / SOPs / SOGs Similar to testing victims; The AHJ must have a procedure to test tools, equipment and other objects after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips 6.4.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Technical Decontamination Process. Local Emergency response Plan (LERP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) Similar to testing Victims; The AHJ must have a procedure to test tools, equipment and other objects after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips NFPA 6.4

Technical Decontamination Terminating the Incident 6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Decontamination. Competencies – Terminating the Incident. NFPA 6.4.6

Reporting and Documenting the Incident Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall complete the reporting and documentation requirements consistent with the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures and shall meet the following requirements: Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall complete the reporting and documentation requirements consistent with the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures and shall meet the following requirements: NFPA

Reporting and Documenting the Incident Identify the reports and supporting technical documentation required by the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures. Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (1) Identify the reports and supporting technical documentation required by the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures. Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan and covered by Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or Standard Operating Guideline (SOG) Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. NFPA (1)

Reporting and Documenting the Incident Describe the importance of personnel exposure records. Legal Account on Record of the Incident and Actions Taken to Protect Responders and Victims. Documentation for Medical Records for Future Reference in Treatment and Potential Exposures and Possible Illnesses and Resulting Legal Action Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (2) Describe the importance of personnel exposure records. Legal Account on Record of the Incident and Actions Taken to Protect Responders and Victims. Documentation for Medical Records for Future Reference in Treatment and Potential Exposures and Possible Illnesses and Resulting Legal Action NFPA (2)

Reporting and Documenting the Incident Identify the steps in keeping an activity log and exposure records. Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Exposure Records should be made available to Medical Provider as part of Medical History Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (3) Identify the steps in keeping an activity log and exposure records. Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Exposure Records should be made available to Medical Provider as part of Medical History NFPA (3)

Reporting and Documenting the Incident Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. Documents need to be filled out As Soon As Possible and filed within Legal Requirements Connecticut State Library stipulates guidelines for maintaining Records and Reports O.S.H.A also has mandates for Record Keeping Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. Documents need to be filled out As Soon As Possible and filed within Legal Requirements Connecticut State Library stipulates guidelines for maintaining Records and Reports O.S.H.A also has mandates for Record Keeping NFPA (4)

Technical Decontamination Reporting and Documenting the Incident
LERP / SOPs / SOGs NIMS Requirements OSHA Requirements NFIRS Requirements Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. Personnel must know their own Authority Having Jurisdictions LERP and SOPs / SOGs. These local documents normally follow the requirements of the Manufacturer, the Local Risk Management and the Authority Having Jurisdiction Insurer. Such documents would be the Medical Exposure Forms, Maintenance and Use Form for the S.C.B.A., Equipment Manufacturers Recommendations, P.P.E. Exposure and Cleaning NIMS has multiple Forms available for the Incident Command System that would be beneficial as historical documents of assignments, Incident Action Plan etc. OSHA has specific requirements for Hazardous Materials regarding Medical Evaluations, P.P.E. Cleaning and Inspection NFIRS reporting requirements for National Statistics also become historical documents as a record of the event and related information. NFPA (4)

Reporting and Documenting the Incident Decontamination Specific Names of Victims Substance that was released / Decon Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure Decon Personnel Detailed description of Decon procedures Evidence collected Observations made Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. The individual In-Charge of the Decontamination corridor should complete any documentation and recordkeeping required by the Emergency Response Plan or Standard Operating Procedures or Guidelines. This documentation should be included with the final report. Decontamination Specific information should include: Names of Victims: may be hard to accomplish, try to get everyone who goes through Substance that was released / Deconed and any known information of product Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure of personnel performing Decon. Detailed description of Decon procedures / activities to include method / solutions and possible effectiveness. Evidence collected Observations made of the scene in general, indicate pros and cons and any decon incidents. NFPA (4)

Module 3 – Practical Application
Set up Technical Decontamination System based on Authority Having Jurisdiction Emergency Response Plan 6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Decontamination Set up Technical Decontamination System based on Authority Having Jurisdiction Emergency Response Plan NFPA 6.4.

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Hazardous Materials Operations Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

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Hazardous Materials Operations Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

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