1. Earth Science
S5E1
S5E1a
S5E1b

2. What are Constructive Forces?
Forces that build up new landforms.

3. What are Destructive Forces?
Forces that change landforms

4. Impact of Organisms? Lichens & mosses-chemicals Large animals- moles
Small Animals - termites
Large plants-tree roots
Small plants-mosses or other small plants that change rock into loose soil

5. Earth’s Surface
Contour lines-lines that show elevation on a topographical map
Crust-thin outer layer of Earth; makes up continent & ocean floor
Topographic map-map that shows the shape of surface features & their elevations

6. How is Earth’s Surface Worn Down?
Erosion-destructive force; rock is moved
Sediment-pieces of moved rock
Weathering-destructive force; breaks rocks down

7. How is Earth’s Surface Built Up?
Deposition-constructive force; rock is dropped in one place from another place

8. Earth’s Six Landforms Page 17 Mountains Hills Mountain valleys
Plateaus
Plains
River valleys
Flood plains

9. What is Earth’s Structure?
Core-Earth’s innermost structure
Crust-outer layer of rock
Lithosphere-shell formed from Earth’s solid upper mantle and crust
Mantle-thick layer of Earth’s structure just below the crust
Plate Tectonics-giant plates of rock

10. What are Earthquakes &Volcanoes?
Earthquake-violent shaking- release of energy
Epicenter-point where the earthquake originates
Fault-crack in Earth’s crust where movement takes place
Magma-melted rock, becomes lava at surface
Seismic waves-waves sent through Earth’s surface during earthquakes
Ring of Fire-area along the edge of the Pacific Ocean strike; several plates converge there

11. How Do Mountains Form?
Dome Mountains-mountain formed when magma pushes up but does not break through
Fault-block Mountains-mountains formed along fault lines
Fold Mountains-mountains formed when plates collide and force layers of rock into folds

12. How can Floods Be Controlled?
Dam- wall across a river holding water back
Flood-water flowing where land is usually dry
Floodway-prepared path
Levee-a wall to prevent flooding
Reservoir-an artificial lake
Storm drain-pipes or channels to carry water away

13. How can Beaches Be Protected?
Barrier island-land formed by sand and dirt off shore GA’s Golden Isles: St. Simons, Jekyll are examples.
Beach Nourishment-dumping new sand on beaches to restore them
Dredging-deepening or widening of a river or harbor
Jetty-thin narrow wall built from the shoreline into the ocean
Sea Wall-tall wall to receive waves at high tide

14. How is Farmland Managed?
Contour plowing-plowing in curved lines in the shape of the land
Soil-natural resource mad of small rocks, minerals, water, gases, & organic matter
Subsoil-layer under topsoil
Terrace farming-planting crops in level sections called terraces
Topsoil-uppermost layer of soil

15. Managing Earth’s Changes