1. www.earthscienceeducation.com The E-Carbon Cycle Where, What, How…? Earth Science for KS4 Earth Science Education Unit www.earthscienceeducation.com © The Earth Science Education Unit Copyright is waived for original material contained herein if it is required for use within the laboratory or classroom. Copyright material included from other publishers rests with them.

2. The E-Carbon Cycle Where, What, How …?

3. Introducing these: Where, What, How …? - where we find carbon, what it is found in and how it is cycled How could we …? - show how parts of the carbon cycle work How much …? - carbon is there, and how much is cycled Teacher resources All this - and more - through this interactive PowerPoint The E-Carbon Cycle

4. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Carbon Cycle - Where? Where does Carbon occur on the Earth? Coal? Oil? Gas? Limestone? In Rocks? Plants? Animals? Dissolved? Gases? Particles? Hay Fever? Rain? In the Atmosphere? Click for Hints and Help In Water? On the Land? Plants? Animals? Soil? Streams?

5. The Carbon Cycle – What is the carbon in? Gases: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) Particles: Soot … Hay Fever:Pollen, spores Rain:Dissolved carbon dioxide In the atmosphere On the land, and in water Plants: Animals: Soil:Plant and animal remains, living bugs Streams:Plants and animals, dissolved gas All cells: leaves, roots, skin, bone In rocks Coal:Carbon Oil:Hydrocarbon liquids Gas:Methane (CH 4 ), ethane, propane… Limestone:Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 )

6. www.earthscienceeducation.com Use PgDn or  to move through the cycle The Carbon Cycle – How does carbon move around the cycle?

7. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Atmosphere How does carbon become ‘fixed’? Water ? Solution Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Carbon in soft parts Calcium Carbonate in hard parts Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock Precipitation Eaten

8. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Atmosphere Water ? Solution Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock Precipitation How does carbon become ‘released’? ? ? Combustion ? ? Weathering Respiration Decomposition Eaten

9. www.earthscienceeducation.com How does Carbon move between… hydrospherebiosphere atmosphere lithosphere

10. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Carbon Cycle What are the processes? The processes are: Photosynthesis Consumption Egestion Death Solution Burial and decomposition Burial to rock Weathering Combustion Respiration The products are in... Atmosphere Plants Animals Water Soil Coal & gas Oil Limestone What contains the products?

11. The E-Carbon Cycle How could we …?

12. … show that the atmosphere contains solid carbon? We could place a collector like this on the roof of the building, or, high enough that winds will catch the device. Under most conditions, plenty of fine atmospheric debris should be collectable in 24 hours. Then we can study the slides under a microscope. The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?

13. We could draw air through limewater by using a water jet pump. If CO 2 is present in the air, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and turn it milky. The Carbon Cycle – How could we …? … show that the atmosphere contains carbon dioxide?

14. We could blow into limewater through a straw. If CO 2 is present in our breath, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and turn it milky. How could we find out if our breath contains more CO 2 (i.e. a greater proportion of CO 2 ) than the atmosphere? - Food for thought. … show that land animals produce CO 2 in respiration? The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?

15. We could try burning parts of plants (e.g. cereal grains) or parts of animals (e.g. meat, fat) to see what the remains look like. If they are black and sooty, or black and hard like charcoal - then this is carbon. … show that plants and animals contain carbon? Beware: consider food allergy risk with this activity The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?

16. We could react some crushed shells with acid and pass the gas produced over limewater. If CO 2 is released, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and turn it milky. Since the acid contains no carbon, it can only have come from the crushed shells. Crushed Shells The Atmosphere Solution Water Eaten Aquatic Animals The Carbon Cycle – How could we …? …show that the shells of marine organisms contain carbon?

17. … show that limestone contains CO 2 ? We could try heating limestone to break it down, collecting any gases produced, and passing these over limewater. If CO 2 is present in the gases, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and turn it milky. How could we show that the extra CO 2 is coming from the decomposing limestone and is not natural CO 2 from the air or produced by the burning of the natural gas? - Food for thought. Major Forest Fire Samos, Greece Marble hill top has been heated so fiercely that has been Calcined Samos on Fire 2000 The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?

18. … show that the combustion of coal, oil and gas releases CO 2 ? We could collect the gases released by the burning of these fuels and pass them over limewater. If CO 2 is present in the gases, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and turn it milky. The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?

19. The E-Carbon Cycle How much …?

20. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Atmosphere Water Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock Precipitation ? ? Combustion ? Weathering Respiration Decomposition How much in…? Click to proceed Solution Eaten

21. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth? Atmosphere? Coal, oil & gas? Organisms (land and marine plants and animals)? Rocks (including limestone)? Soil? Water (oceans and rivers)? Which contains the most carbon? -Which contains the least?

22. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth? Which contains the most carbon? -Which contains the least? Gigatonnes: 1 Gt = 1 000 000 000 metric tonnes Organisms (land and marine plants and animals)600 Atmosphere775 Soil1 500 Coal, oil & gas5 000 Water (oceans and rivers)40 000 Rocks (including limestone)75 000 000 The amount of carbon contained - in Gigatonnes (Gt)

23. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Atmosphere Water Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Land Animals Aquatic Animals ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock Precipitation ? ? Combustion ? Weathering Respiration Decomposition How effective …? Solution Eaten

24. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth? Where are the biggest flows of carbon? Where are the smallest? Burial to rock? Combustion? Death? Decomposition? Dissolution? Excretion ? Photosynthesis? Respiration? Weathering?

25. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth? Where are the biggest flows of carbon? Where are the smallest? The flows of carbon in Gt/year are: Photosynthesis122 Respiration62 Excretion and death60 Soil decomposition60 Combustion5.4 Dissolution2.0 Weathering0.4 Burial to rock0.1

26. The E-Carbon Cycle Where, What, How, How could we …, How much? The End - or the beginning of the next cycle …?

27. The E-Carbon Cycle Where, What, How, How could we …, How much? Teacher resources follow… Printable quizzes and separated ‘Fix’ and ‘Release’ cycle components

28. ? Photosynthesis ?? Death Egestion ?????? Burial to Rock ? Combustion Weathering Respiration Decomposition Eaten Where can you find the Carbon products of these natural processes on Earth? ? ? ?? Death CARBON CYCLE ? Precipitation © The Earth Science Education Unit Copyright is waived for use of this presentation within the laboratory or classroom Solution

29. The Atmosphere Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Sediment ? What processes are involved in the Carbon Cycle? Plants in Water CARBON CYCLE ? ? Water ? Plants on Land ? ? Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? Soil ? ?? ? © The Earth Science Education Unit Copyright is waived for use of this presentation within the laboratory or classroom

30. The Atmosphere Water ? Solution Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock ? ? Combustion ? ? Weathering Respiration Decomposition Eaten The Carbon Cycle Precipitation

31. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Atmosphere How carbon becomes ‘fixed’ Water ? Solution Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock Eaten Precipitation

32. The Atmosphere Water ? Solution Plants on Land Plants in Water ? Photosynthesis Land Animals Aquatic Animals ?? ? ? ? ? ? Death Egestion ? Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Burial to Rock Plants ‘Hard’ Parts ? Soil Sediment Burial to Rock ? ? Combustion ? ? Weathering Respiration Decomposition Eaten The Carbon Cycle Precipitation

33. www.earthscienceeducation.com The Atmosphere Plants on Land Land Animals Coal & Gas Oil Limestone Soil How carbon becomes ‘released’. ? Combustion ? Weathering Respiration Decomposition Water

34. Copyright Greenfields © Malcolm Oliver Shell; Opencast coal pit; coal and graphite samples; chalk cliffs © Peter Kennett Fruit tree © Jean Kennett and Peter Kennett E-Carbon ‘o’ image; Insect; Embaise de Senet, near Pont de Suert in the Pyrenees; Aliaga (Teruel Province) © Paul Grant Golden fields - source unknown Atmospheric debris collector apparatus diagram; Water jet pump apparatus diagram © Paul Grant Chemical example: blowing into a beaker © Pete Johnson De la Beche Geology Club, Dinosaur © Paul Grant Diver on the barrier reef - source unknown Crushed shells with acid apparatus diagram © Paul Grant Wild fire smoke on Samos © provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE (http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=54754) Central Samos after wild fires of 2000 © Paul Grant Diagram of apparatus to show that limestone contains CO 2 ; Old stove © Paul Grant

35. www.earthscienceeducation.com The E-Carbon Cycle Where, What, How…? Earth Science for KS4 Earth Science Education Unit www.earthscienceeducation.com © The Earth Science Education Unit Copyright is waived for original material contained herein if it is required for use within the laboratory or classroom. Copyright material included from other publishers rests with them.