1. V. Collapse of Napoleon’s Empire

2. A. Napoleon’s Luck Runs Out 1807 – Napoleon controls most of Europe Enemies began to grow stronger –Copy his military methods –Nationalism – Belief that each nation (group of people) should have their own country

3. B. End is Near Napoleon’s personality is a major reason for his downfall “I love power, as a musician loves his violin” Always wanted more land & power

4. C. Napoleon’s 3 Major Mistakes 1 st Mistake Continental System – Napoleon orders a naval blockade to prevent trade between Britain and Europe Wanted to starve Britain into submission Blockade was never effective

6. Britain reacted by forcing all neutral ships to pass through Britain U.S. gets involved in the middle because they trade with both countries War of 1812 – Result of the blockade

7. Major Result Continental system weakened France’s economy more than Britain’s

8. 2 nd Mistake Peninsular War – Napoleon invades Portugal who refused to follow the continental system Invades Portugal through Spain Spanish people rioted in protest Napoleon exiles the Spanish King and puts his brother Joseph on the throne

9. Britain allies with Spain and Portugal Guerrilla forces strike Napoleon’s army and kill around 300,000 men

10. Third of May

12. 3 rd Mistake Russia was France’s ally but refused to stop selling grain to Britain Grand Army – 600,000 troops invade Russia in May 1812 Russia does not send an army to fight Instead, they flee deeper into Russia

13. Scorched-Earth Policy – As Russians fled they destroy fields, kill livestock, and burn entire towns No food is left for French soldiers September 1812 – Napoleon captures Moscow Expects Russians to sign a peace treaty

14. Waits in Moscow for 5 weeks – Russians began to burn Moscow November 1812 – Orders his starving troops to retreat Troops have no winter gear and Russian forces began to attack as they retreated Only 10,000 men are left fit to fight

15. “Burning of Moscow”

16. Retreat of the Grand Army

17. D. Napoleon’s Downfall Formation of the 4 th Coalition –Britain, Russia, Prussia, & Sweden –Takes the offensive –Napoleon’s army lacks skilled veterans and the 4 th Coalition captures Paris –Elba – Napoleon is sent to this island in exile

18. Napoleon Abdication of His crown

20. Louis XVIII – The brother of Louis XVI, becomes king of France

21. E. The Hundred Days March 1, 1815 – Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to France Thousands of his former men join him Louis XVIII is forced to flee Paris European allies quickly join together

22. F. Final Defeat Battle of Waterloo – Napoleon is finally defeated for good by the 4 th Coalition St. Helena – Far off island that Napoleon is sent to Dies there in 1821 from cancer

23. Napoleon’s Final Defeat at Waterloo June 18, 1815 Duke of Wellington Prussian General Blücher

25. Battle of Waterloo

26. Death of Napoleon

27. Napoleon’s Tomb

29. Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb June 28, 1940