1. Propylene Production from
Carbon Dioxide
Designer:
Fatma Al-Turkait
Supervised by:
Prof.M.Fahim
Eng.Yusuf Ismail

2. Agenda
Distillation column design
Compressor design
Valve design

3. Distillation column design

4. Introduction:
Distillation unit is used to separate the components by their volatilities (Boiling point Temperature).
Objective: To separate CO and CO2 from propane and propene

5. Types of distillation columns
One way of classifying distillation column type is to look at how they are operated.
Thus we have:
Continuous Columns
Batch Columns

6. Continuous Columns

7. Batch Columns
1- Regular batch column.
2- It is also possible to locate the feed vessel at the top of a stripping column and to operate the column as an inverted batch column.
3- Middle vessel column

8. The type of column Internals:
Bubble cap trays ,valve trays ,and sieve trays.
The best type for our process Is continuous distillation and sieve trays.

9. Material construction
The material chosen for our equipments is carbon steel due to its low cost and ease fabrication . In addition, it resists corrosion.

10. Main design parameters
A- Number of stages
B- Dimensions:
1-Diameter
2-Height
3-Tray Design
4-Wier
5-Thickness
6-Cost

11. A- Minimum and Actual number of stages
Calculate vapor pressure of the light and heavy key components by Antoine equation.
Where: a, b, c, d, e & f are Antoine Coefficient.
(2)Determine the values of liquid-gas constant (K) for both the light and heavy key components.
(3)Calculate the average relative volatility of the light key with respect to the heavy key.
Where,

12. (5)Estimate the plate efficiency. Obtain the actual number of stages
(4)Obtain the minimum number of stages by Fenske equation
(5)Estimate the plate efficiency.
Plate efficiency = 0.6
Obtain the actual number of stages

13. Detailed calculation for Nm,N
Open File

14. Diameter liquid vapor flow rate Correction for surface tension.
Correction for surface tension
The flooding vapor velocity (m/s).

15. The actual velocity based on net area.
Maximum volumetric flow rate
Net area required
As first trial take down comer area as %12 of the total column cross sectional area
= net area required / 0.88

16. Column diameter

17. Height
H=N*Spacing
H=30*.9=27 m

18. Tray design Column area (m2) Down comer area (m2) The net area (m2)
The active area (m2)

19. weir
Ad/Ac= /1.82*100
=12%
Iw/Dc=0.76
Dc= m
Iw= m

20. weir height=50mm
Hole diameter=5mm
Plate thickness=5mm

21. Check weeping K2=30.9 from graph @ Minimum rate (hw + how)
uh=[K2-0.90(25.4-dh)]/g0.5
Actual min vap=145.9 m/s

22. Downcomer backup
hb < .475(.5*(plate spacing +weir height)

23. Number of holes Area of one holes = Number of holes=Ah/Ahole=
Holes on one plate= Numbers of holes/actual number of plates =705.1

24. Shell thickness
Where;
t: shell thickness (in)
P: internal pressure (psig)
ri: internal radius of shell (in)
EJ: efficiency of joints
S: working stress (psi)
Cc: allowance for corrosion (in)

25. Cost Cost=Vessel cost+ Trays cost+ Reboile Cost+ Condenser unit cost=$

26. Continuous distillation
Results:
T-101
Equipment name
Continuous distillation
Type
After T-100 distillation
Location
Carbon steel
Material of Construction
Glass wool
Insulation
119800
Cost ($) 10
Number of stages (hysis)
0.9
Tray spacing
Sieve tray
Type of tray
Diameter (m)
10.5
Height (m)
705
Number of Holes

27. Compressor design

28. Procedure
1- Select centrifugal compressor (single stage) according to this figure.

29. 1. Calculate the adiabatic head for a compressor(k100)
2. Calculate the adiabatic power for single stage compression.
3. Calculate the adiabatic discharge temperature.
9. Calculate the adiabatic efficiency.
=72.02%

30. Cost
K101= 49300
K100= 53800

31. Specification for compressor K100
Equipment name
Centrifugal Compressor, single stage
Type
After CRV-103/ propylene process
Location
Carbon steel
Material of Construction
Glass wool
Insulation
To increase the pressure of stream 12
objective
49300
Cost $
8.0757
Power (Hp)
73.693
Efficiency (%)
485.7 (C°)
Inlet Temperature
626.1 (C°)
Outlet Temperature
14.7 (psia)
44.09
Inlet Pressure
Outlet Pressure

32. Equipment name Type Location Carbon steel Insulation
Specification for compressor K101
Compressor
Equipment name
Centrifugal Compressor, single stage
Type
After V-101/ amine process
Location
Carbon steel
Material of Construction
Glass wool
Insulation
To increase the pressure of stream 1
objective
53800
Cost $
35.66
Power (Hp)
89.418
Efficiency (%)
25 (C°)
Inlet Temperature
695.3 (C°)
Outlet Temperature
14.7 (psia)
734.8
Inlet Pressure
Outlet Pressure

33. Valve design

34. Introduction:
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of substances either gases, fluidized solids, slurries, or liquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Objective: to reduce the pressure of flow rates.

35. Main design parameter
Valve Type
Pipe Diameter
Cost

36. Valve Type globe valve
Best Suited Control : Linear and Equal percentage.
Recommended Uses:  Throttling service/flow regulation,  Frequent operation.
Applications: Liquids, vapors, gases, corrosive substances, slurries .
Advantages:
1. Efficient throttling
2. Accurate flow control
3. Available in multiple ports.
Disadvantages:
1. High pressure drop 2.More expensive than other valves.

37. Pipe diameter
A=V/v
A=2.177E-3 m2
D=(A*4/ )0.5
D=0.526 m

38. Cost

39. Thank you for listening