1. Unit 6 Nomenclature Chapter 8.3 & 9.2 Unit Test: 12/9/08

2. Nomenclature Naming system for chemical formulas Makes communication more efficient because names are specific to different groups of compounds (It is much each to read 10,000 as “ten thousand” than “one zero zero zero zero”)

3. Common Chemical Names Sodium chloride (NaCl) is table salt used in food, paper manufacturing, and detergents Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) is saltpeter used in fertilizer, gunpowder, and food preservatives Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is lye used in soaps and drain cleaner Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) is baking soda used in food, cleaning products, and antacids

4. Common Chemical Names Acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) is vinegar used in food and photography development Magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) is epsom salt used in soil and medically (soak for aches, pains, cuts, etc.) Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is laughing gas used as an anesthetic and to boost auto engine power Potassium bromide (KBr) is used to prevent epilepsy (seizures) in dogs

5. Common Chemical Names Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one the components of our gastric (stomach) juices Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is used as a bleaching agent, emetic (induces vomiting), and an antiseptic (clean cuts and scrapes) Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is found in rocks (limestone and marble), shells, chalk; primary cause of hard water Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an ingredient in toothpaste used for cavity prevention

6. Groups We Will Name: Binary Salts Ternary Salts Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Binary Acids Ternary Acids Covalent Molecules

7. Binary Salts Contains 2 elements: metal & nonmetal Naming: –Name the metal –Drop the end of nonmetal and add “ide” Example: MgCl 2 magnesium chloride

8. Binary Salts Practice Name: –NaCl –CaF 2 –K 2 O Write formulas: –Lithium nitride –Aluminum iodide

9. Ternary Salts Contains 3 elements: metals and polyatomic ions Naming: –Name the metal –Name the polyatomic ion Example: Na 2 SO 4 sodium sulfate

10. Ternary Salts Practice Name: –K 3 PO 3 –CaCO 3 –Al(NO 3 ) 3 Write Formulas: –Barium hydroxide –Cesium chromate

11. Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Includes binary and ternary salts Naming: –Name the metal –Put the roman numeral giving the oxidation # of the metal in parentheses –Name the nonmetal, changing the ending to “ide” or name the polyatomic ion Example: –FeCl 2 Iron (II) chloride –FeCl 3 Iron (III) chloride

12. Multiple Oxidation Numbers for Transition Elements

13. Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Practice Name: –Cu(NO 2 ) 2 –PbSO 4 Write Formulas: –Cobalt (III) hydroxide –Nickel (II) iodide –Chromium (II) phosphate

14. Binary Acids Contains 2 elements: H & a nonmetal Naming: –Begin with prefix “hydro” –Drop nonmetal ending and add “ic” –Add the word acid Example: HClhydrochloric acid

15. Binary Acids Practice Name: –HF –H 2 S Write formulas: –Hydroiodic acid –Hydrobromic acid –Hydrophosphoric acid

16. Ternary Acids Contains 3 elements: H & a polyatomic ion Naming: –Look at the polyatomic ions name If the name ends in “ate”, change to “ic” If the name ends in “ite”, change to “ous” –Add the word acid Example: H 2 CO 3 carbonic acid

17. Ternary Acids Practice Name: –H 2 SO 4 –HNO 2 –HClO 3 Write Formulas: –Phosphorous acid –Oxalic acid –Nitrous acid

18. Covalent Molecules Contains 2 nonmetals Naming: –Name the 1 st element with prefix to indicate the # of atoms (only if more than one, never start with mono) –Name the 2 nd element use prefix to indicate the number of atoms present Drop the ending of the elements name and use “ide” ending Example: CO 2 carbon dioxide 12345678910 mono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-non-deca-

19. Covalent Molecules Practice Name: –N 2 O 5 –N 2 O –CS 2 –SF 6 Write Formula: –Carbon monoxide –Dinitrogen trioxide –Oxygen dicloride