1. Chapters 8.3 & 9.2 Test: Friday December 5, 2008
Unit 6 Nomenclature
Chapters 8.3 & 9.2
Test: Friday December 5, 2008

2. Nomenclature Naming system for chemical formulas
Names are specific to different groups of compounds (ex: ionic compounds are named differently from covalent compounds)
Makes communication more efficient (ex: it is much each to read 10,000 as “ten thousand” than “one zero zero zero zero”)
Let’s look at some household items that have chemical names…

3. Common Chemical Names Sodium chloride (NaCl)
is table salt used in food
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is baking soda used in food, cleaning products, and antacids
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is saltpeter used in fertilizer, gunpowder, and food preservatives
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is lye used in soaps and drain cleaner

4. Common Chemical Names
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is epsom salt used medically as a soak for aches & pains
Potassium bromide (KBr) is used to prevent epilepsy (seizures) in dogs
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is laughing gas used as an anesthetic and to boost auto engine power
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is vinegar used in food and photography development

5. Common Chemical Names
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one the components of our gastric (stomach) juices
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is found in rocks (limestone and marble), shells, chalk; primary cause of hard water
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an ingredient in toothpaste used for cavity prevention
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a bleaching agent, emetic (induces vomiting), and an antiseptic (clean cuts and scrapes)

6. Groups We Will Name: Binary Salts Ternary Salts
Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers
Binary Acids
Ternary Acids
Hydrates
Covalent Molecules

7. Binary Salts Contains 2 elements: metal & nonmetal Naming:
Name the metal
Drop the end of nonmetal and add “ide”
Example: MgCl2 = magnesium chloride

8. Binary Salts Practice Name: Write formulas: NaCl CaF2 K2O
Lithium nitride
Aluminum iodide

9. Ternary Salts Contains 3 elements: metals and polyatomic ions Naming:
Name the metal
Name the polyatomic ion
Example: Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate

10. Ternary Salts Practice
Name:
K3PO3
CaCO3
Al(NO3)3
Write Formulas:
Barium hydroxide
Cesium chromate

11. Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers
Includes binary and ternary salts
Naming:
Name the metal
Put the roman numeral giving the oxidation # of the metal in parentheses
Name the nonmetal, changing the ending to “ide” or name the polyatomic ion
Example:
FeCl2 = Iron (II) chloride
FeCl3 = Iron (III) chloride

12. Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Practice
Name:
Cu(NO2)2
PbSO4
Write Formulas:
Cobalt (III) hydroxide
Nickel (II) iodide
Chromium (II) phosphate

13. Binary Acids Contains 2 elements: H & a nonmetal Naming:
Begin with prefix “hydro”
Drop nonmetal ending and add “ic”
Add the word acid
Example: HCl = hydrochloric acid

14. Binary Acids Practice Name: Write formulas: HF H2S Hydroiodic acid
Hydrobromic acid

15. Ternary Acids Contains 3 elements: H & a polyatomic ion Naming:
Look at the polyatomic ions name
If the name ends in “ate”, change to “ic”
If the name ends in “ite”, change to “ous”
Add the word acid
Example: H2CO3 carbonic acid

16. Ternary Acids Practice
Name:
H2SO4
HNO2
HClO3
Write Formulas:
Phosphorous acid
Oxalic acid
Nitrous acid

17. Covalent Molecules Contains 2 nonmetals Naming:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mono-
di-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
non-
deca-
Contains 2 nonmetals
Naming:
Name the 1st element with prefix to indicate the # of atoms (only if more than one, never start with mono)
Name the 2nd element
use prefix to indicate the number of atoms present
Drop the ending of the elements name and use “ide” ending
Example: CO2 = carbon dioxide

18. Covalent Molecules Practice
Name:
N2O5
N2O
CS2
SF6
Write Formula:
Carbon monoxide
Dinitrogen trioxide
Oxygen dicloride