1. Reconstruction: 1865 - 1874 ©2012, TESCCC

2. Reconstruction was a period immediately after the Civil War of rebuilding the Southern states gradually bringing them back into the Union.

3. TWO PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION LINCOLN AND JOHNSON WANTED… CONGRESS WANTED… To restore the Union as quickly as possible To go easy on the South Stricter standards for admitting the Southern States back into the Union To protect the freedom of African Americans in the South

4. Juneteenth A proclamation was declared on June 19, 1865. Union General Gordon Granger was sent to control Texas.

5. June 19,1865- Juneteenth, Emancipation Day 1. All slaves are now free. 2. All Texas laws passed since March 1,1861 must be nullified. 3. Names of all Confederate soldiers must be registered with U.S. officials. 4. Texas is now under charge of a military government.

6. Freedmen: a person who has been freed from slavery Freedmen’s Bureau provided help & legal aid to freed people was established in 1865 by the national government to provide the following for formerly-enslaved people: Food Shelter Medicine Opened the first schools for African Americans in Texas, which were in operation for over 100 years ©2012, TESCCC Freedmen’s Bureau

7. Black Codes Laws limiting the rights of African Americans Restricted blacks from voting, testifying against Whites in court and from serving on a jury Restricted job opportunities for blacks – usually to agriculture http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_mg7D3kYysfw/RziuJWgS0II/AAAAAAAAEds/2t8AbNi Wmho/s400/TheJimCrowLaws-Front.jpg

8. Radical Republican Plan 1)Limits role of former Confederate leaders 1)Protected rights of African Americans 1)Former Confederates should not hold important government positions

9. Texas was combined with Louisiana and placed in the 5th district and fell under command of General Philip H. Sheridan. 5 Military Districts

10. Martial Law – military policies that started during Gov. Edwards term Governor Davis used military forces to keep the peace in several counties Sherman and federal troops removed American Indian tribes from West Texas during the “Frontier Wars.” ©2012, TESCCC

11. Reconstruction Continues! KKK: Ku Klux Klan  Goals: 1.Restore Democratic control of the South 2.Keep former slaves powerless  Methods: 1.Used violence to keep African Americans from voting  50,000 African Americans still registered to vote in Texas.

12. There was a great increase in… Tenant farming – people reside on and farm land owned by a landlord Sharecropping – people farming another landowners land for a share of the profit ©2012, TESCCC

13. Constitution of 1876 1. Limited power of governor and legislature 1. Land grants for education and railroads 1. Still use this Constitution TODAY! (Amended about 500 times)

14. Texas adopted the Constitution of 1876 Texas ratified the Reconstruction Amendments in order to rejoin the Union 13 th Amendment - forbids slavery 14 th Amendment – equal rights, regardless of race 15 th Amendment – extended the right to vote to African American men ©2012, TESCCC

15. The Effects of the Reconstruction Amendments on African Americans “The Staircase to Full Voting Citizenship” Slavery Right to Vote Freed the Slaves Citizenship 13th 14th 15th The Effects of the Reconstruction Amendments

16. PoliticalEconomicSocial Impact of Reconstruction on Texas

17. Reconstruction (1865-1874) Political effects – Martial law – the military polices the state under Governor Edwards – Constitution of 1876 – written at the end of Reconstruction; this is the constitution Texas still follows today – Indian wars – the government removes Native Americans from the frontier. – Passage of the Reconstruction Amendments 13th Amendment – ended slavery 14th Amendment – citizenship given to African Americans 15th Amendment – suffrage given to all males

18. Reconstruction (1865-1874) Economic effects – Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping – Expansion of railroad – Cattle industry booms

19. Reconstruction (1865-1874) Social effects – Concern over future of freedmen – Juneteenth – June 19, 1865 – Emancipation Day in Texas (African-Americans learn they are free) – Freedmen’s Bureau established – Black Codes (state laws that limited rights of African Americans – Ku Klux Klan (terrorized African American voters and kept them away from the polls) – Immigration to Texas increased