1. INTERGO bvI www.intergo.nl PO Box 19218E info@intergo.nl 3501 DE UTRECHTT +31 30 677 87 00 Countdown on a platform Higher punctuality and increased level crossing safety

2. Contents 1.Inducement 2.The idea 3.Development process 4.Pilot 5.Results: the pay off of human factors integration 6.Follow up Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra2

3. 1Unsafe behaviour at a level crossing In Holland about 40% of al incidents on level crossings with lethal consequences are related to unsafe behaviour at a closed level crossing. about 8 lethal incidents a year Waiting time at a closed level crossing is an important factor to predict unsafe behaviour. Time between closure of level crossing and passage of the train Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra3

4. 1Departure of a train at a station near a level crossing: current situation Process: Route setting triggers closure of the level crossing Departure of the train is only allowed after closure of the level crossing Consequences: Train waits for closure of the level crossing Road users at closed level crossing wait for the departure of the train Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra4

5. 2The idea Parallel performance, instead of serial performance, of the process of route setting, closure of the level crossing and departure of the train: Shortening total processing time Decrease in waiting time of road users at closed level crossing Earlier departure of the train for higher punctuality in train service Use of a kind of countdown device Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra5

6. 2Animation of the concept Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra6 Animation

7. 3Development Common safety method on Risk Evaluation and Assessment Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra7

8. 3First assessment Several ‘interfaces’ with human behaviour: Train staff for safe departure of the train Train passengers / travellers for safe boarding Road users related to level crossing safety Track workers using a level crossing as a warning system for arrival of a train at the working place Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra8

9. 3Requirements for the countdown device Activation of count down dependent of: o safe closure of the level crossing o safe (automatic) route setting Count down value related to minimum process time for departure of a train Departure process of a train without a pause Actual departure of the train after published departure time Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra9

10. 4Departure of train with aid of countdown 15: start of departure procedure First safety check of train staff 8: auditory signal to passengers Close all but one doors of train Safety check alongside train 0: activation departure light Close last door of the train Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra10

11. 4Piloting period Piloting period: November and December 2014 With countdown Without countdown Reference period: June or October 2014 Without countdown Evaluation of 6.693 train departures in total Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra11

12. 4Methods for evaluation Quantitive data (all trains): Process time for train departure Punctuality in departure of the train Closure times of level crossing Qualitive data based on video images (selection): Behaviour of train staff Behaviour of passengers on platform Behaviour of road users at level crossing Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra12

13. 4Behaviour of train staff and passengers Behaviour at safety critical moments during train departure procedure Train staff: o compliance with regulation based on risk assessment o way of performing safety checks Passengers: o Possibly hazardous behaviour during closure of doors and during departure of train Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra13

14. 5Behaviour of train staff and passengers Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra14 Movie

15. 5Behaviour of train staff and passengers Train staff shows safe behaviour in compliance with dedicated regulation about use of the countdown. In situations with very little passengers boarding the train, train departure procedure cannot always be performed without a short pause. With use of countdown passengers are more in a hurry in boarding the train, but no dangerous situations (train is not moving). Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra15

16. 5Process time for train departure Station of HilversumNDifference in process time for train departure Piloting period with countdown vs reference period with countdown 828-16.88 sec (p<0.05) Piloting period with countdown vs piloting period without countdown 5.715-14.88 sec (p<0.05) Piloting period without countdown vs reference period without countdown 150- 1.92 sec (p<0.05) TOTAL6.693 Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra16

17. 5Punctual departure of the train Station of Hilversum Quick departuresSlow departures no countdown countdownno countdown countdown before departure time ---- 0 – 30 sec after departure time 37%70%-45% > 30 sec after departure time 63%30%100%45% No data---10% Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra17

18. 5Behaviour at level crossing About 900 level crossing closures: Not enough data for statistic reliable results Predictive factor: Closure time of the level crossing with use of a countdown is 16.3 seconds less then without countdown (p<0.01). Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra18

19. 5Waiting time at closed level crossing Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra19 In average: 16.3 sec less waiting time (p<0.01)

20. 6Pay off: implementation in Holland Design specs are met: > 15 sec less No change in safety in train departure process Increase in level crossing safety Increase in punctual departure of the train Countdown on a platform ICHRF 2015 Melcher Zeilstra20