1. Television Commercial: The Mechanics Copywriting for the Electronic Media (Meeske)

2. Strengths of Television TV is the most persuasive medium TV is credible TV is intrusive TV is glamorous

3. Weaknesses of Television TV is expensive TV is cluttered

4. Strengths of Cable Cable can narrowcast, appeal to specialized demographic audience Cable advertising is inexpensive

5. Weaknesses of Cable Cable networks have low ratings

6. The Television Script Write video in CAPITAL LETTERS Write all spoken audio in upper-and lowercase Write audio instructions for sound effects and music ALL IN CAPS, and underline Write audio talent instructions in parentheses (WHISPER, and underline. Single-space video and double-space audio Double-space between speaker and shot changes

7. The Television Storyboard Shows section by section, what the creator of the commercial had in mind, using a series of panels much like a cartoon strip For beginners, plan to use one frame for 4/5 seconds of commercial time (10-second shot would have two video changes) Avoid long, static scenes, exposure to one scene for more than 10 seconds

8. Building a Storyboard Identify distinctive features you want to get across in the spot. This idea must be presented visually, and not just in the logo but in the rest of the spot as well. Determine what benefit stems from this feature. Decide what setting will help convey the distinctive feature and its benefits. Build on the setting to convey the message. A logical, reasonable progression of visual scenes. Spot then turns to distinctive feature at the conclusion. Place video instructions and audio lines for each scene under the frame.

9. Producing TV Commercials Long shot (LS) or wide shot (WS) Medium shot (MS) Close-up (CU)

10. Physical Camera Movement Pan (left or right): Move camera, not base Tilt (up or down): Move camera, not base Truck (right or left): Parallel to scene Dolly (in or out): Move entire camera base Zoom: Adjusts focal length of zoom lens Arc (right or left): Semicircular to scene Book/pedestal (Up or down): Use pedestal

11. Special Effects Pan (left or right): Move camera, not base Tilt (up or down): Move camera, not base Truck (right or left): Parallel to scene Dolly (in or out): Move entire camera base Zoom: Adjusts focal length of zoom lens Arc (right or left): Semicircular to scene Book/pedestal (Up or down): Use pedestal

12. Transitions

13. Special Effects

14. Additional Terminology

15. Using graphics

16. Film Versus Tape

17. Animation

18. TV Soundtracks as Radio Spots

19. Keeping the Spot Producible

20. TV Soundtracks as Radio Spots

21. The Production Budget Still photos or videotape with announcer voice-over Studio production Electronic field production in location

22. Guidelines for writing spots Gaining Attention Identifying the Client or Product Name Balancing Audio and Video Emphasizing One Main Idea Avoiding Overwriting Stressing the Final Shot

23. Points to Remember TV can use sight, sound, motion TV script best timed by reading aloud and acting them out TV script is divided into 2 columns. Left column is for visual instructions, and the right is for audio TV storyboard shows what the creator of a spot had in mind frame by frame TV spot production should be kept simple. Trick effects do not equate with good selling

24. Points to Remember Least costly approach to TV spot production is still photos with voice-over. Studio production is somewhat more costly, and electronic field production is the most expensive Advertising on cable TV is less costly than advertising on over-the-air TV Opening seconds of a TV spot are crucial because they either gain viewer attention or lose it.

25. Points to Remember TV spots run between programs are called adjacencies Name of advertiser or product should be presented early in a spot and repeated as often as possible without boring or annoying the audience Audio and video must relate to each other in a TV spot TV spot should be limited to one main idea. Secondary ideas should be used only if they have a clear relationship to main idea

26. Points to Remember Each spot should conclude with sponsor/product name and slogan Graphics should be used to show key sales data Spots scheduled within TV program positions are called participants Video should tell the story. Audio should not be overwritten. TV commercials suffer from clutter of announcements placed in programs