1. Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Chapter 6 Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

3. Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations Wind Essentials Driving Forces within the Atmosphere Atmospheric Patterns of Motion Oceanic Currents

4. Wind Essentials Air Pressure and Its Measurement Mercury barometer Aneroid barometer Wind: Description and Measurement Wind Anemometer Wind vane Global Winds

5. Barometers Figure 6.2

6. Air Pressure Readings Figure 6.3

7. Wind Vane and Anemometer Figure 6.4

8. Wind Portrait of the Pacific Ocean Figure 6.6

9. Driving Forces within the Atmosphere Gravity Pressure Gradient Force Coriolis Force Friction Force

10. Pressure Gradient Figure 6.7

11. Pressure + Coriolis + Friction Figure 6.8

12. Coriolis Force Figure 6.9

13. Atmospheric Patterns of Motion Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas Upper Atmospheric Circulation Local Winds Monsoonal Winds

14. Global Barometric Pressure Figure 6.10

15. Global Barometric Pressure Figure 6.10

16. Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas Equatorial low-pressure trough Polar high-pressure cells Subtropical high-pressure cells Subpolar low-pressure cells

17. Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Trade winds

18. June–July ITCZ Figure 6.11

19. Polar High-Pressure Cells Polar easterlies Antarctic high

20. Subtropical High-Pressure Cells Westerlies Bermuda high Azores high Pacific high Figure 6.13

21. Subpolar Low-Pressure Cells Aleutian low Icelandic low Polar front

22. General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 6.12

23. General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 6.12

24. Constant Isobaric Surface Figure 6.15

25. Upper Atmospheric Circulation Rossby waves Jet stream

26. Rossby Waves Figure 6.16

27. Jet Streams Figure 6.17

28. Local Winds Land-sea breezes Mountain-valley breezes Katabatic winds

29. Land-Sea Breezes Figure 6.18

30. Mountain-Valley Breezes Figure 6.19

31. Monsoonal Winds Figure 6.20

32. Oceanic Currents Surface Currents Deep Currents

33. Major Ocean Currents Figure 6.21

34. Deep-Ocean Thermohaline Circulation Figure 6.22

35. Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Geosystems 7e An Introduction to Physical Geography End of Chapter 6