1. Ceremony and Celebration

2.  National Anthem – a song of praise or devotion to one’s country, musical equivalents to the nation’s flag or motto, often performed at ceremonial occasions or to honor the head of state (in the US and Canada, also at athletic events)

3.  March-like characteristics – Spain’s “Royal March” composed in 1770, France’s “La Marseillaise” from 1792  Many national anthems are written during wartime and reflect nationalistic sentiments, some are stately hymns, other are operatic (Brazil)

4.  Officially became the national anthem in 1931  Melody was borrowed from hymn by John Stafford Smith, words were a poem penned by Francis Scott Key

5.  Protocols – rules of diplomatic or state etiquette  In the US, “Hail to the Chief” is played when the president appears before a formal gathering

6.  Great Britain – Queen Elizabeth II – became queen in 1953 at the age of 27

7.  Fourth of July – noted by flags and concert and marching bands, difference between orchestra and concert band – concert bands have no strings, yes saxophones  John Phillip Sousa – March King, at 25 he became conductor of the US Marine Corps Band, wrote +135 marches, “Washington Post March” and “The Stars and Stripes Forever”

8.  John Phillip Sousa – contributed Sousaphone to marching bands, basically a tuba  Compound meter – a division of the pulse into groupings of three segments  “1812 Overture” written by Peter Tchaikovsky

9.  Summer festival in Japan, Obon is a religious observance, family members pray for spiritual tranquility of their ancestors  Bon Odori – religious folk dance performed during Obon  Tanko Bushi – translates to Coal Mining Song  Heterophony – a musical texture that occurs when melodic variants of the same tune are performed simultaneously

10.  South American version of Mardi Gras, precedes the fasting and contemplation period of Lent  Music for Carnival is called Plena – exciting and joyful, often called “el periodico” or sung newspaper