1. By: Jacob Nudel Bell Ringer: 1.Look at the map on page 195. Where are the earliest battles of the Revolution? 2.What major city did the British win? 1. New York, Princeton, Trenton, Germantown, and Brandywine. 2. New York

2. What was the percent of the people were Loyalists, Patriots, Neutral? The revolution also separated families too. Ben Franklin’s son William took Britain's side while Ben Franklin took the American’s side. 20% loyalists, 40% Patriots, and 40% Neutral How did the issue of revolution affect the Native Americans and African Americans? The issue of revolution forced African Americans and Native Americans to have to choose a side between America and Britain. Some Native Americans that lived near and interacted with Americans sided with them. While some Iroquois nations fought with the British. The African Americans also went to different sides depending on who would give them freedom.

3. What problems made it hard for America to make an Army? How did Washington solve the problem of leading a small army? Not everyone supported the war and the army was made up of volunteers that only had to stay for a year. The soldiers were also not getting enough supplies Washington’s main goal was to keep the army alive and to do so he had to win some battles and to avoid a crushing defeat until he had a large army. Why do you think Congress enlisted men into the army for only one year?

4. Why did the British want to occupy the coastal cities in the Middle Atlantic? The British wanted to occupy all coastal cities in the Middle Atlantic so that their navy could land troops and supplies in certain cities. What course did the war take between July and December 1776? What gain did the colonial troops make at Trenton? In July, General William Howe arrived in New York with a large army. For the next several months the British and the Americans fought for New York. The British force Washington to New Jersey. Washington finds some of Howe’s men and he captures 900 men and gets supplies. Washington won at Princeton 8 days later. They captured 900 British troops and gained needed supplies

5. What was the British strategy in 1777? How did Howe and St. Leger fail to follow through with the planned strategy? The British Strategy in 1777 was for three armies to have a rendezvous in Albany, New York. General John Burgoyne would lead a force south from Canada. Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger would lead his army from Lake Ontario down the Mohawk Valley. General Howe would follow the Hudson north from New York City. Howe failed to follow through with the plan because he decided to invade Pennsylvania to try to capture George Washington. St. Leger failed to follow through with the plan because Benedict Arnold sent captured Loyalists to spread a rumor that he had a large army.

6. What were Howe’s goals for his invasion of Pennsylvania? Did he complete both tasks? Howe’s goals for his invasion of Pennsylvania was to capture George Washington and to occupy Philadelphia. Howe did occupy Philadelphia but he did not capture George Washington.

7. What Native American tribe was fighting with St. Leger? Who led these people into battle? How did Howe’s and St. Leger’s actions affect Burgoyne? Burgoyne was not able to carry out Britain's strategy without anyone to rendezvous with. The Native American tribe fighting with St. Leger is the Iroquois and they were led by Joseph Brant or Thayendanegea.

8. Why did Burgoyne send troops into Vermont? What were the two most important results of the colonial victories at the Battles of Saratoga? Which of the two consequences of the Battles of Saratoga was more significant? Why Burgoyne sent troops into Vermont to see what they could find because his army was low on supplies. The Battles of Saratoga were the turning point in the Revolutionary War. Also European nations started to believe that the Americas might win their war for independence. Consequences of the Battles of Saratoga was that Benedict Arnold betrayed his army because of his bitterness. He also agreed to turn over an American fort to the British. Benedict Arnold betraying his army is more significant than turning over a fort because he not only betrayed his army he also betrayed his whole country.

9.  George Washington-the first commander of the continental, and the first President of the United States.  Mercenary- a professional solider hired to fight in A foreign country.  Strategy- an overall plan of action.  Rendezvous- a meeting.  Battles of Saratoga- the series of conflicts that led to the surrender of Burgoyne’s army.