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Imperialism in China What were the causes of the Opium Wars?
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The Opium Wars Very little trade between China & the West, except for silk & tea for silver which favored China British bring technology gifts to China, Chinese are unimpressed Next, British bring opium from India to China Poppy Plant 1835: 12 million Chinese were hooked on the drug – Chinese Qing Emperor tries to ban opium Emperor’s advisor complains to Britain’s Queen Victoria Stop selling drugs to our people! Deal with it! Queen ignores him and Britain continues trading in Opium 1839: China tries to destroy British opium. Britain starts “Opium Wars” Chinese loses the war 1842: Treaty of Nanjing gives Britain the island of Hong Kong & extraterritorial rights (foreigners not subject to Chinese Law)
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1850: Taiping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan attempts to remove Qing Government for not protecting China Hong recruits a peasant army 1864: Empress Cixi asks British & French to help defeat Hong’s army since 20 million+ killed in Taiping Rebellion Hong defeated, Empress “owes” Britain & France but rest of Europe & Japan want Spheres of Influence in China Fearing another “Scramble for Africa”, the US negotiates the open door policy, which allowed all nations trade with China New Qing Emperor wants to end open door pol. He is arrested & Empress Cixi returns, she expands foreign influence 1900: Angry Chinese form the Boxers, began a revolt known as the Boxer Rebellion Although the Boxers were beaten, Chinese & West know reform is needed Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion
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