1. Chapter 4 Section 4

2.  Loess  Court  Oracle bones  Mandate of Heaven  Dynastic cycle  Confucianism  Daoism

3.  Long rivers  Fertile soils  Temperate climates  Isolated valleys  Two rivers  Chang Jiang (Yangzi)  Huang He (Yellow River)

4.  Huang He more fertile  Loess-yellow dusty soil carried by river and winds  Chang Jiang more rainfall grew rice (south)  Huang He- cooler drier grew wheat and millet

5.  Isolation  China could thrive  Rivers for irrigation fertile soil  China covered with mountains and hills  Himalayan Mountains  Gobi Desert  Protected from invasion

6.  Huang He Valley  9000 years ago grew crops  Xia Dynasty first  No record of  Shang Dynasty considered the first

7.  1766 BC  Strong monarchy  Capital Anyang  Court- gathering of wealth nobles  King appointed governors  Large army

8.  Mostly agricultural  Called to fight or work on government projects  Shang ruling elite had free time for leisure  Wealthy members collected expensive objects

9.  Beliefs  Info from studying ancient tombs  Hundreds of sacrificed prisoners  Afterlife need riches and servants  Centered on ancestor worship

10. Offer gifts to deceased ancestors Steam from food believed to nourish ancestors Oracle bones-inscribe bits of animal bones – Living person asks question of ancestor – How bones cracked was the answer

11.  Chinese writing  Early text used pictures  Decorative bronze  Built huge stable structures  Calendar based on the moon  Created world’s first money com

12.  Led China for several centuries  Peaceful period  Mandate of heaven- gods would support a just leader not allow corrupt to hold power  Reason the Zhou overthrew the Shang

13.  Dynastic Cycle- rise and fall of dynasties in China  Any Dynasty that lost power gods let be overthrown

14.  Iron backbone of economy  Catapult  China’s first cavalry  Farming techniques  Food surpluses  Cities grew  Canals, roads, chop sticks, first money

15.  Clan leaders rose against the king  Warring states period  Small states fought for power  Qin Dynasty-brought end to the war and the Shang

16.  Question nature  Peoples role in society  Creation of Chinese Philosophy  Confucianism  Daoism

17.  Teachings of Konfuzi  Treat one another humanely  Respect others, practice manners  Honoring ancestors  Society would become stable and orderly

18.  Analects-Confucius thoughts  Reward ruler with respect and loyalty  Children must respect their parents  Educated people devote themselves to public service  Spread throughout Asia

19.  Yield to the laws of nature  Dao-the way, limitless force is part of all creation  All things in nature are connected  Achieve harmony in the universe

20.  Yin and yang represents balance  Perfect harmony  Need each other  Laozi-founder  Played major role in later dynasties  Idea of balance a key concept in China for centuries