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Qin & Han Dynasties I.Problems of Empire II.Qin Dynasty III.Han Dynasty IDs: Qin Shi Huang Di, Han Dynasty, 206BCE- 220CE, scholar-officials
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Grand Empires: China & Rome
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I. Problems of Empire A. Keep control of distant regions
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B. Keep population obedient, peaceful & productive
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C. Protect empire & increase power
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D. What makes an empire effective? 1.Ideologies (ideas, propaganda, belief systems) 2.Practical Gov’t. Ideas (administration, military, projects)
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II. Qin Dynasty (221-210 BCE) Qin Shi Huang Di – The First Emperor
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A. Unified China Massive military Conquered territory to contain Xiongnu Built Great Wall
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B. Administration Divided empire into 36 commanderies Governors appointed by emperor Strict control, changed often, rules
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C. Qin Ideology: Legalism Strict Laws High taxes Massive public works projects
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D. Fighting Nomads: Xiongnu
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E. Treatment of Peasants Freed from serfdom Owned their own land High taxes to state Forced labor
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F. Qin Legacy: Model of Bad Gov’t.
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III. Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE)
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A. Propaganda: Mandate of Heaven Liu Bang (1 st Han emperor): saving Chinese from evil Qin emperor Similar policies; more effective ideology & propaganda
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B. Ideology: Confucianism Buy-in of elites Partnership of elites & emperor Scholar-officials
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C. Administration 1.Keeps Qin commandery/ governor system 2. Scholar-officials trained in Confucianism school system professional civil service Highest social class
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2. Centralized, bureaucratic gov’t. Big issue: competition between center & local elites Solution: Bureaucracy of scholar-officials
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D. Fighting Nomads: Xiongnu
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1. Connections to Silk Road Missions: Allies against Xiongnu
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2. Trade with Central Asia (& Rome) horses
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3. Pax Sinica (Chinese Peace) Foreign policy: tribute to emperor of China as overlord titles, gifts & rights to vassal states
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E. Treatment of Peasants Free peasants with small farms Infrastructure to support them
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F. Model for Future Dynasties Ideal of unity
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