1. The PANDA detector at the future FAIR laboratory Klaus Föhl on behalf of the PANDA collaboration 12 July 2007 SPIN-Praha-2007 and Edinburgh 8 August 2007

2. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany German National Lab for Heavy Ion Research Highlights: –Heavy ion physics (i.e.tsuperheavies) –Nuclear physics –Atomic and plasma physics –Cancer research

3. Nuclei Far From Stability Hadron Spectroscopy Compressed Nuclear Matter High Energy Density in Bulk Rare-Isotope Beams Antiprotons N-N Collisions at High Energy Ion Beam Induced Plasmas The new FAIR Rare-Isotope Beams Antiprotons N-N Collisions at High Energy Ion Beam Induced Plasmas Nuclei Far From Stability Hadron Spectroscopy Compressed Nuclear Matter High Energy Density in Bulk

4. The new FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

5. Primary Beams 10 12 /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U 28+ Factor 100-1000 present in intensity 2(4)x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons 10 10 /s 238 U 73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u Secondary Beams Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV Storage and Cooler Rings Radioactive beams e – A collider 10 11 stored and cooledm 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons Cooled beams Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets Parallel operation Key Technical Features Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research CBM PAX HESR

6. CBM

7. Q: Why do we want to build yet another heavy-ion experiment? What does theory expect? → Predictions from lattice QCD: crossover transition from partonic to hadronic matter at small  B and high T critical endpoint in intermediate range of the phase diagram first order deconfinement phase transition at high  B but moderate T Use heavy-ion experiments as tools in order to study the QCD phase diagram! heat compression CBM - Physics case

8. CBM - Experiment tracking, momentum determination, vertex reconstruction: radiation hard silicon pixel/strip detectors (STS) in a magnetic dipole field hadron ID: TOF (& RICH) photons,  0,  : ECAL electron ID: RICH & TRD   suppression  10 4 PSD for event characterization high speed DAQ and trigger muon ID: absorber + detector layer sandwich  move out absorbers for hadron runs MVD + STS aim: optimize setup to include both, electron and muon ID (not necessarily simultaneously) high interaction rate long beamtime → rare probes!

9. HESR

10. HESR - High Energy Storage Ring injection from RESR antiprotons protons at reversed field polarities injection from SIS 18 protons 12.7 Tm in SIS N

11. from RESR Storage ring for p:  N p = 5×10 10, P beam = 1.5-15 GeV/c; High density target:  pellet 4× 10 15 atoms/cm 2, cluster jet, wire ; High luminosity mode:  Δp/p = 10 -4, stochastic cooling, L = 10 32 cm -2 s -1 ; High precision mode:  Δp/p = 3×10 -5, electron cooling, L = 10 31 cm -2 s -1. HESR ( ≤ 8.9 GeV/c) ( ≥ 3.8 GeV/c) Circumference 574 m longitudinal horizontal vertical

12. PAX

13. http://www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/pax Polarized Antiproton Experiments … the [QCD-] PAC would like to stress again the uniqueness of the program with polarized anti-protons and polarized protons that could become available at GSI. MAIN PHYSICS ISSUES Transversity measurement via Drell-Yan –Direct and unique measurement of transversity Electromagnetic Form Factors in the time-like region –First measurement of relative and absolute phase Double-polarized elastic pbar-p scattering –Same mysteries as in p-p case?

14. Cerenkov Asymmetric collider: polarized antiprotons in HESR (p=15 GeV/c) polarized protons in CSR (p=3.5 GeV/c) Fixed target experiment: pol./unpol. pbar internal H polarized target Proton EFFs pbar-p elastic Drell-Yan Designed for Collider but compatible with fixed target Detector Concept Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR) Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) High Energy Synchrotron Ring (HESR)

15. Experimental Setup Results F. Rathmann. et al., PRL 71, 1379 (1993) T=23 MeV Polarising antiprotons? 1992 Filter Test at TSR with protons First step of experimental Proof of Principle has never been done so far...

16. Atomic Beam Source SC Quadrupoles Detector System surrounding Storage Cell Target Common Experimental Setup for COSY and AD Spin filtering works (for protons) but: 1.Controversial interpretations of only experiment with protons 2.No experimental basis for antiprotons Experimental tests needed with: 1.Protons at COSY 2.Antiprotons at AD Spin-filtering experiments

17. Outstanding physics potential of polarized antiprotons Different proposals for polarizing antiprotons, but only one experimentally tested method (spin-filtering) COSY will play a fundamental role in understanding the spin filtering process and in commissioning for the decisive experiment with antiprotons at AD TIMELINE 2007-2008Depolarization studies at COSY 2009-2010Spin-filtering studies at COSY Commissioning of AD experiment 2010Installation at AD 2010-2011Spin-filtering studies at AD Conclusions PAX The STI believes that PAX should become part of the FAIR core research program based on its strong scientific merit once the open problems are convincingly solved.

18. Physics

19. Core programme of PANDA Hadron spectroscopy –Charmonium spectroscopy –Gluonic excitations (hybrids, glueballs) Charmed hadrons in nuclear matter Double  -Hypernuclei

20. Core programme of PANDA

21. Charmonium Spectroscopy Inconsistency in  c mass and width η´ c unambiguously seen, although disagreement on the mass h c seen with poor statistics States above DD thr. are not well established New resonances... Who ordered that?

22. e + e - interactions: –Only 1 -- states are directly formed; pp reactions: –All meson states directly formed (very good mass resolution) –other states (spin exotic) can be studied using production mechanism.

23. Core programme of PANDA Hadron spectroscopy –Charmonium spectroscopy –Gluonic excitations (hybrids, glueballs) Charmed hadrons in nuclear matter Double  -Hypernuclei further topics –Form Factors, GPDs? –Drell Yan? –Polarisation?

24. UNPOLARISED Drell-Yan [2] D. Boer et al., Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 014012. DIRECT MEASUREMENT!! SSA in SIDIS: convoluted with other PD and QFF functions; SSA in DY: convoluted with h 1. ANTIPROTONS!! DY azimuthal asymmetries not suppressed by nonvalence-like contributions. GDA can be investigated in γ and (neutral) meson production Spin physics at PANDA?

25. Spin physics at PANDA Polarisation? Look at the final state particles, i.e. self-analysing  decays.

26. Setup

27. PANDA Side View Pbar AND A AntiProton ANihilations at DArmstadt

28. Detector Capabilities High Rates –10 7 interaction/s Vertexing –K S 0, Y, D, … Charged particle ID –e ±, μ ±, π ±, K, p,… Magnetic tracking EM. Calorimetry –γ, π 0,η Forward capabilities –leading particles Sophisticated Trigger(s)

29. PANDA Detector beam Top View

30. PANDA Detector beam Top View pellet or cluster jet target solenoid magnet for high p t tracks - superconducting coil - iron return yoke dipole magnet for forward tracks

31. PANDA Detector beam Top View silicon microvertex detector central tracker forward drift chambers

32. Central Tracker Options Time-Projection Chamber Straw Tube Tracker must be self-quenching

33. PANDA Detector beam Top View forward RICH barrel DIRC barrel TOF endcap DIRC forward TOF muon detectors

34. Cherenkov Detectors HERMES-style RICH BaBar-style DIRC disc DIRC 4 instead of 2 mirrors front view LiF side view fused silica

35. Focussing & Chromatic Correction focussing element

36. Focussing & Chromatic Correction higher dispersion glass

37. Focussing & Chromatic Correction higher dispersion glass current implementation: fused silica radiator disc, LiF plates for dispersion correction and focussing lightguides around the rim

38. Focussing disc DIRC focussing is better than 1mm over the entire line chosen as focal plane light stays completely within medium all total reflection compact design all solid material flat focal plane radiation-hard “glass” RMS surface roughness at most several Ångström LiF for dispersion correction has smaller |dn/d | than SiO 2 fused silica focal plane coord. [mm] lightguide number lightguide “200mm” rectangular pixel shape LiF

39. Material Test Testing transmission and total internal reflection of a fused silica sample (G. Schepers and C. Schwarz, GSI)

40. PANDA Detector beam Top View PWO calorimeters Forward Shashlyk EMC hadron calorimeter photon detection 1MeV – 10GeV operate at -25 o C

41. Hypernuclei Setup

42. DAQ and Computing

43. Outlook PANDA will be a versatile QDC detector novel techniques in detector and readout design Technical Design until 2009 Commissioning in 2014

44. Summary 30 years after the discovery of the c-quark charmonium systems still have many puzzles Many new charmonium and open charm states have been recently found by e + e - colliders: –No coherent picture → their properties like width and decay channels have to be studied systematically with high precision. The PANDA detector will perform high resolution spectroscopy with p-beam and provide new data on this topic. σ M ≈ 20 keV at

45. Panda Participating Institutes more than 300 physicists (48 institutes) from 15 countries U Basel IHEP Beijing U Bochum U Bonn U & INFN Brescia U & INFN Catania U Cracow GSI Darmstadt TU Dresden JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE) U Edinburgh U Erlangen NWU Evanston U & INFN Ferrara U Frankfurt LNF-INFN Frascati U & INFN Genova U Glasgow U Gießen KVI Groningen U Helsinki IKP Jülich I + II U Katowice IMP Lanzhou U Mainz U & Politecnico & INFN Milano U Minsk TU München U Münster BINP Novosibirsk LAL Orsay U Pavia IHEP Protvino PNPI Gatchina U of Silesia U Stockholm KTH Stockholm U & INFN Torino Politechnico di Torino U Oriente, Torino U & INFN Trieste U Tübingen U & TSL Uppsala U Valencia IMEP Vienna SINS Warsaw U Warsaw

46. thank you all for coming