1. Presented By Ir Suzanne Mbi Enoh-Arthur, UK Presented By Ir Suzanne Mbi Enoh-Arthur, UK 3 rd International Conference and Exhibition on Traditional & Alternative Medicine August 03-05, 2015 Birmingham, UK In Association with

2. 1,2 Ir Suzanne Mbi Enoh-Arthur, 1 Prof Patrick Van Damme 2 Peter Kwame Arthur 1.University of Ghent, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Agriculture & Ethnobotany, Coupure Links 9000, Ghent, Belgium 2. Akafro Moringa Herbal Food/Medicine Clinic, 7 Bridge Court, Leyton, London, U.K Tree crop production of Moringa oleifera supports food & medicine healing practices A Ghanaian study on rats showed that above 5000mg/kg of moringa leaf was safe for consumption. However 70g/day would still give 35 macro and microelements found in moringa leaf within RDA limit for a healthy person. Asiedu-Gyekye et al. 2014

3. Why this research is important: empowering local households as basic health care institutions can improve access to ‘health for all’ What we know and don’t know: 1978 Alma-Ata declaration “health for all” by 2000? With the same Primary Health Care System? WHO, 2000 calls for acceleration of medicine plant production! Why? Who?..... Our study focused on establishing moringa tree crops on local degraded farm lands for ecological stability; access to local food & medicine for household use & sale of excess to support self-reliance, economic & social needs. Our hypothesis if people had healing knowledge and access to moringa as herbal food/medicine then the latter will use moringa as food/medicine for healing. Our research examines: how the acceleration of local production of medicinal plants (WHO, 2000), access & ownership of (moringa) trees in rural & urban localities are supporting healing practices with household- heads: a recommendation for integration alongside Primary Health Care systems

4. Design/Method/Results Study Population: n 2003 -110; 15 females & 95 males n 2006 -111; 16 females & 95 males n 2009 -275; 86 females & 189 males Group 1: Local Village Peer Support Group: 17-86 years old n 2003 -51; 2 females & 49 males n 2006 -52; 3 females & 49 males n 2009 -67;19 females & 48 males Group 2 Bomarts Farm Volta Workers: 20-56 years old n 2003 -59; 18 females & 39 males n 2006 -57; 13 females & 46 males n 2009 -57; 24 females & 33 males Group 3: Local Village Community: 17-86 years old n 2009 -208; 67 females & 141 males “Let medicine be your food and food your medicine”

5. Participatory Action Research Monitorable Observable Variable  Moringa seeds/seedlings are established on a fertile plot for demonstration & accessible germplasm of planting materials from Cameroon, Ghana & Zambia. Mixed food cropping system established on degraded farmlands with registered participants.  Peer support ethical research registration: Bomarts Farm workers, Desiadenyo, Doenyeame, Dornenyo,  Dzigbodi & Norvinyo. Self-administered face to face semi structured questionnaires & household analysis to verify household tree crop production and use.

6.  Moringa tree crop farms (Bekisi plots & Bomarts Farms plot) of germplasm using CAM, GHA, ZAM cultivars are established for future planting materials.  Local access and ownership of moringa tree products on rehabilitated degraded farms is supporting increase in crop yields, entrepreneurships and alternative income generation.  Household moringa food/medicine use is established over study period  Sustained participant peer support groups Observable Viable Indicators

7. Trend in household moringa use In 2009, 1 in every 2.5 adults/ households in Tafi Abuife used moringa as food or medicine at home

8. % Household moringa use in 2009 In 2009, 1 in every 7 adults/ household in Tafi Abuife used moringa as food or medicine daily at home

9. TREND OF HOUSEHOLD MORINGA PRODUCTION

10. Conclusion/The Way Forward Our study accepts the hypothesis “if people had healing knowledge and access to moringa as herbal food/medicine then the latter will use moringa as food/medicine for healing” Hence emerging economies should seek research and development pathways that incorporate lessons learnt and challenge the international biomedical community who don’t always get it right in policy or in principle. Primary Health Care systems should embrace sustainable health partnerships with a holistic global view on the social, ecological and economic needs of the people. Further collaborative research studies are highly required

11. Map of the zone where Moringa leaves are eaten (initial approximation) in western Africa

12. Traditional Medicine-2016 Website: http://traditionalmedicine.conferenceseries.com / Meet the eminent gathering once again at Traditional Medicine-2016 London, UK October 03-05, 2016