1. Investigating & analysing ICT issues and ethical dilemmas

2. Privacy of information Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them Common points in privacy laws include: – Information collected and stored about individuals should be limited to what is necessary to carry out the function of the business or government – Access to the data should be limited to those employees within the organisation who need it

3. Privacy of information Common points in privacy laws include: – Personal information should be released only when the person whose data has been collected has agreed to its disclosure – The individual should know that the data is being collected and have opportunity to determine the accuracy of the data Ownership of Information: – Copyright, the authors and artists of original work have exclusive rights to duplicate, publish and sell their material

4. Privacy of information Ownership of Information: – Copyright does not protect the idea itself – Infringements of copyright include software piracy and unauthorised downloading of music, movies and TV programs – Copyright does not have to be stated; it is automatic – “fair use” of copyright material allows a person to make a backup copy of software when they purchase it

5. Privacy of information Ownership of Information: – Plagiarism is an infringement of intellectual property; passing off work as your own or without acknowledging its authorship.

6. Sources of information about ICT issues Primary sources provide data that needs to be processed and analysed to produce information that can be used; comes from stakeholders Secondary sources provide information from other users who have already investigated the issue/s

7. Sources of information about ICT issues: Primary Sources Primary sources: – Involve stakeholders – Provide different insights and more in-depth than secondary sources – More up to date – Collection of data is done through observation & measurement – Done through surveys, using questionnaires & interviews – Interviews done face to face; take more time and opportunity for in-depth follow-up and clarification

8. Sources of information about ICT issues Primary sources: – Data collected must have data integrity: Suitable format Reliable Accurate Timely Free from bias

9. Sources of information about ICT issues Questions on a survey or interview can be of 2 types:  Closed questions limit the responses available,, eg. Yes/No; multiple choice, etc.  Open-ended questions do not limit the answers that can be given  They allow for follow up questions, eg. Why? And give more detail  Closed questions easier to develop and quicker to administer

10. Sources of information about ICT issues Conducting interviews & questionnaires:  www.surveymonkey.com www.surveymonkey.com  Data Validation:  Manual and electronic  Referencing primary sources  Details need to be attached so the source can be checked.

11. Sources of information about ICT issues: Secondary Sources All information can’t be obtained from primary sources because: Limited, biased experience of the issue Difficulties with assessing quality of data provided Non-availability of stakeholders – Secondary sources include: Newspapers and searchable websites News broadcasts News websites

12. Sources of information about ICT issues: Secondary Sources – Secondary sources include: (contd) Use of a metasearch engine, eg. Dogpile or answers, google; a tool that sends your search requests to a number of other search engines and combines the results into a single display Wikipedia, encyclopedia websites – Need to check quality of information; use the points relating to data integrity