1. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Harry S. Baumes, Ph. D. Associate Director Office of Energy Policy and New Uses The Economics of Alternative Energy Sources and Globalization: The Road Ahead Embassy Suites Airport Orlando, Florida November 16, 2009 Bioenergy and the USDA: Policy Perspectives

2. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses BACKGROUND Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 –RFS 2 –GHG Reductions Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 –Energy Title IX Positions and Personalities

3. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses President Obama’s Commitment to Renewable Energy “ To put people back to work today, and reduce our dependence on foreign oil tomorrow, we will double renewable energy production.”

4. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses President Commitment to Renewable Energy “ From China to India, from Japan to Germany, nations everywhere are racing to develop new ways to produce and use energy. The nation that wins this competition is the nation that will lead the global economy. I am convinced of that. And I want America to be that nation”. Remarks made at MIT, October 23, 2009

5. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses “USDA is working to expand energy opportunities by producing alternative forms of energy and fuel, and to ensure that we are doing the research necessary to allow agriculture to transition away from its rather significant dependence on fossil fuels.” Tom Vilsack Agriculture Secretary

6. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses EISA – EPACT Renewable Fuels Standard RFS1 Conventional Corn Starch Cellulosic Biofuels Other Biofuels Biobased Diesel Years

7. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses

9. Biofuels Interagency Working Group On May 5, 2009, President Obama signed the directive establishing a new working group to be chaired by the Secretaries of Energy and Agriculture and the Administrator of the EPA. The group will work with the National Biomass Research and Development Board on: –Creating a biofuel market development program to boost next-generation biofuels, increase use of flex-fuel vehicles, and assist retail market development –Coordinating infrastructure policies

10. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 - Title IX – Energy Federal Procurement of Biobased Products (9002) Biorefineries Assistance (9003) Repowering Assistance (9004) Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels (9005) Rural Energy for America Program (9007) Biomass Research and Development (9008) Biomass Crop Assistance Program (9011) Forest Biomass for Energy (9012)

11. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Loans, Grants & Combos TechnologyNo.Amount Leveraged Biomass 271 $65,188,772 $321,322,470 Wind 245 48,008,511 582,427,329 Solar 108 4,683,405 11,207,057 Geothermal 52 1,969,517 4,576,639 Hybrid 18 2,620,736 85,968,197 Subtotal 694 $122,470,941 $1,005,501,692 Energy Efficiency 1,329 $34,456,722 $76,743,867 Subtotal 2,023 $156,927,663 $1,082,245,559 Guaranteed Loans 153 $91,529,855 $181,321,296 Grand Total 2,176 $248,457,518 $1, 263,566,855 Farm Bill Title IX Section 9006 Funding Activity FY2003 - 2008 Renewable Energy/Energy Efficiency

12. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Looking Ahead USDA working with the EPA – final rule for implementation of the RFS2 EPA Ruling on Growth Energy Waiver Request – raise fuel blend to 15% House and Senate Energy Bills Commitment by USDA to Expand Biofuels (Biomass) Production USDA Strategic Plan IWG - Biofuels

13. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Biofuels 1 st generation, corn-ethanol, sugar-ethanol, biodiesel, used vegetable oil, animal fats 2 nd generation, cellulosic biofuels 3 rd & 4 th generation, biofuel from organic wastes (solid waste, biosolids, animal wastes, green wastes, food production and pulp and paper wastes, plastics, auto shredding residues, tires) and biofuel from plants that can sequester high levels of CO2 (algae, eucalyptus)

14. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Expanding Biofuel Feedstock Increasing export demand for food and high crop returns compete for land and limit the conversion to dedicated energy crops Expansion of land comes from - cropland, cropland idled by farmers and government programs, cropland pasture, and summer fallow – limited resource International response to higher commodity prices can change the equation Cropland expansion at the global level is possible in several countries (Angola, Rep. of Congo, Sudan, Brazil, Argentina, and others) Conversion of land (rain forest, savanna and pasture) to crops in the above countries can increase GHG emissions

15. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Environmental Issues Land-use (direct and indirect) Nutrient and other contaminant runoff Water quality and availability Soil loss due to water and wind erosion Greenhouse gas emissions ( CO2 and non CO2)

16. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses BIOFRENZY

17. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses Friday, July 4, 2008 by The Guardian / UK

18. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses BIOFRENZY At USDA with Commitment and Direction

19. Office of the Chief Economist Office of Energy Policy and New Uses THANK YOU! Contact Information: Harry S. Baumes hbaumes@oce.usda.gov 202-401-0497