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EMLAB 1 Chapter 6. Building blocks of integrated-circuit amplifiers.

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Presentation on theme: "EMLAB 1 Chapter 6. Building blocks of integrated-circuit amplifiers."— Presentation transcript:

1 EMLAB 1 Chapter 6. Building blocks of integrated-circuit amplifiers

2 EMLAB 2 1.IC design philosophy 2.Basic gain cell 3.Cascode amplifier 4.IC biasing 5.Current mirror 6.Useful transistor pairings Contents

3 EMLAB 3 1.IC design philosophy Large R, L, C should be avoided → minimize chip area DC supply voltage in the range of 1V.

4 EMLAB 4 Exemplary chip layout-TL431

5 EMLAB 5 Ideal biasing (R bias →∞) 이상적인 바이어스 회로인 경우 active load 의 저항이 무한대.

6 EMLAB 6 2. Basic gain cell 저항보다 트랜지스터 쓰는 것이 면적에서 유리. ≡ Active loaded CS amplifier

7 EMLAB 7 Voltage gain of current-source load

8 EMLAB 8 Increasing the gain of the basic cell Current buffer

9 EMLAB 9 Input/output impedance of a common gate amplifier 6.3 Cascode amplifier Common gate 로 연결된 drain 에서 본 source impedance 는 원래보다 (1+g m r o ) 배 커짐. Common gate 로 연결된 source 에서 본 source impedance 는 원래보다 (1+g m r o ) 배 작아짐. MOS cascode

10 EMLAB 10 MOS cascode Common source Common gate CS 증폭기에 CG 증폭기 연결하면 output impedance 는 원래보다 (1+g m r o ) 배 커짐. To load

11 EMLAB 11 Common source Common gate Calculation of cascode design parameters (ABCD) CS, CG 두 형태의 ABCD 파라미터로 계산 Trans-conductance : Output impedance : Voltage gain :

12 EMLAB 12 Trans-conductance (G m ) of a cascode amplifier

13 EMLAB 13 Output impedance of a cascode amplifier

14 EMLAB 14 Cascode amplifier with a cascode current-source load

15 EMLAB 15 3.5 Double cascoding Figure 7.15 Double cascoding. Figure 7.16 The folded cascode. (V DD 를 낮추기 위해 )

16 EMLAB 16 Input/output impedance of a common base amplifier Common base 로 연결된 collector 에서 본 source impedance 는 원래보다 (1+g m r o ) 배 커짐. Common base 로 연결된 emitter 에서 본 source impedance 는 원래보다 (1+g m r o ) 배 작아짐. 3.7 BJT cascode

17 EMLAB 17 Common emitter Common base To load CE 증폭기에 CB 증폭기 연결하면 output impedance 는 원래보다 (1+g m2 r o2 ) 배 커짐. BJT cascode

18 EMLAB 18 Trans-conductance : Output impedance : Voltage gain : Calculation of cascode design parameters (ABCD) CE, CB 두 형태의 ABCD 파라미터로 계산

19 EMLAB 19 Figure 6.19 A BJT cascode amplifier with a cascode current source.

20 EMLAB 20 4. IC biasing MOS current mirror V DD 와 R 을 이용하여 Q 1 의 V DS 를 고정하여 Q 2 를 전류원으로 만들 수 있다. V O 가 변해도 전류는 고정.

21 EMLAB 21 Small signal equivalent circuit

22 EMLAB 22 Figure 6.23 Basic MOSFET current mirror.Figure 6.24 Output characteristic of the current source

23 EMLAB 23 Current-steering circuits

24 EMLAB 24 4.3 BJT current mirror

25 EMLAB 25 Small signal equivalent circuit

26 EMLAB 26 Simple BJT current mirror Figure 6.31 Generation of a number of constant currents of various magnitudes.

27 EMLAB 27 5. Improved current-mirror circuits Cascode current-mirror Current mirror 의 output impedance 는 증가하나 V O 의 최소 출력 전압이 높아서 voltage range 가 좁아지는 것은 단점이다. 전압 고정

28 EMLAB 28 BJT mirror with base-current compensation

29 EMLAB 29 Wilson current-mirror Q 3 collector 전류 증가 → Q 1 의 베이스 전압 증가 →Q 2 의 collector 전류 증가 → Q 3 의 베이스 전류 감소 (negative feed-back 임 ).

30 EMLAB 30 Output impedance B C E C

31 EMLAB 31 Wilson MOS mirror

32 EMLAB 32 Widlar current source Q 1, Q 2 의 전류 비율이 크고 작은 저항으로 해결하기 위함.

33 EMLAB 33 Example 6.6 The two circuits for generating a constant current I O = 10 μA shown in Fig. 7.37 operate from a 10-V supply. Determine the values of the required resistors, assuming that V BE is 0.7 V at a current of 1 mA and neglecting the effect of finite β.

34 EMLAB 34 6. Some useful transistor pairings Figure 6.38 (a) CC–CE amplifier; (b) CD–CS amplifier; (c) CD–CE amplifier.01

35 EMLAB 35 CC–CE amplifier Common collector Common emitter

36 EMLAB 36 Example 6.7 Find R in, overall voltage gain. (I 1 =I 2 =1 [mA], β = 100, R sig = 4 kΩ, R L = 4 kΩ, ignore r o )

37 EMLAB 37

38 EMLAB 38 Darlington configuration 높은 β 값을 갖는 BJT 역할함. Q1 의 β 값이 DC bias current I 에 의존.

39 EMLAB 39

40 EMLAB 40 CC–CC amplifier

41 EMLAB 41

42 EMLAB 42 CC–CB amplifier

43 EMLAB 43 Example 6.8


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