1. Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline 101 Terry Boss INGAA202-216-5930 www.ingaa.org tboss@ingaa.org

2. 410 Natural Gas General Other namesMarsh gas, Swamp gas Molecular formulaCH 4 AppearanceClear Gas, Blue Flame Properties DensityDensity and phasephase0.717 kg/m 3, gas Melting point−182.5°C (90.6 K) at 1 atmatm 25 °C (298 K) at 1.5 GPaPa Boiling point−161.6°C (111.55 K) Triple point90.7 K, 0.117 bar Hazards MSDSExternal MSDS EU classificationHighly flammable (F+) NFPA 704 R-phrasesR12 S-phrasesS2, S9, S16, S33 Flash point−188°C Autoignition temperature537°C Maximum burning temperature: 2148°C Explosive limits5–15% Natural Gas Source : Wikipedia

3. Pipe begins to burst Stress Stress Strain UTS YS SMYS MAOP (Class 1) MAOP (Class 4) Stress P PipeYields Pipeline Operation is Well Below Materials Limit of the Pipe Steel Experience Demonstrates a Two Times Safety Factor Over MAOP

4. The Natural Gas Industry Marketers 272,500 Gas Wells Producers MajorsMajors IndependentsIndependents Gathering Storage 30 Major InterstatePipelines Commercial Residential Industrial & Utilities 1200 Distributors Storage

5. Gas Demand Outlook

6. Change in System Load Profile Load

7. Typical LDC Hourly Flow vs. Scheduled Nominations Note: days are gas days commencing at 9:00 am

8. Model of Gas Transmission Network Courtesy of EEA

9. Transmission Pipeline Right of Way

10. Engine Powered by Natural Gas

11. Natural Gas Compressor

12. Measurement

13. Remote Terminal Unit

14. Typical Unit Control Scheme

15. Typical Station Control Scheme

16. 2002 to 2006 Incidents by Hour Onshore Mechanical Damage 5-Year data, 2002 to 2006, Download date 10-15-06, 419 Onshore and 155 Offshore Gas Transmission and Gathering Incidents