1. Historical Periods in Early History

2. Terms Prehistory Paleolithic Stone Age Neolithic Stone Age Bronze Age
Iron Age

3. Prehistory
Prehistory refers to early human societies that did not leave written records.
This stage will occur at different times for different civilizations

4. Prehistory
Does not mean that they had no significant change during these periods
Does not mean that they had no technological innovations
Some cultures recorded their past in other ways.

5. Neanderthals
Lived years ago in Europe and Asia during the last ice age
They were strong people, able to bench press 400 lb and wrestle large game to death

6. Neanderthal Society Males worked together to track and kill large game
Harsh live, based on a day to day survival
Likely males lived away from women and children
No permanent family relationships

7. Neanderthal Society No formal leadership
No rules or laws that people were to follow
No primitive religion known and if there was it had few rituals
No moral code to guide life
While they wore clothes, they were just wraps thrown over themselves

8. Neanderthal Men Scavenged for food as much as they hunted
Horses head excavated in many sites

9. Neanderthal Women
Females and children spent more time close to the cave fire
Preparing plant foods they gathered
Scraps brought to them by males
All gathering done by women and children were critical to survival

10. Skeletons of Neanderthals
Skeletal remains show a difficult life
Most children died in childbirth or the first dew years of life
80% of Neanderthals died before age 40

11. What happened to Neanderthals
There is uncertainty as to why they died off
Did the humans from africa, Homo sapiens sapiens invade and kill them off?
Homo sapiens had better weapons and tools?
Did they have superior intelligence?
More than likely died off by killing, disease and displacement
Assimilation? Homo sapiens sapiens hybrid

12. What has been discovered Quite recently
There is some Neanderthal genes in the human DNA in a significant amount
First suggested offspring would not be viable as they had a 12 month pregnancy, now not so sure
There is now art work present to suggest they did have culture
Their tools have been discovered to be more complex then first thought.

13. Homo sapien sapien: The Great Leap Forward
years ago something remarkable happened, known as the “Great Leap Forward”
Innovation and creativity
Tools made of thin stone blades
Spears
Needles to make clothes
Items for preparing food
Axes for cutting wood

14. More Innovation Barbed harpoons Darts Throwing spears Bows and arrows
Watercraft
Trade
Culture ??

15. Paleolithic Age- “Old Stone Age”
Years Ago
-social hierarchies, alliances, marriage, customs, religion, refined artistic beauty
Trade
Small family groups
Leadership, social classes
Better hunting, lethal weapons
Ability to sew clothes
Adapt to changes in environment

16. Paleolithic Society- Women
Gathering of food was done by women and children accounting for of the diet
Made clothing
Nurtured the young
The wisdom and story tellers were elder women

17. Paleolithic Art
Cave paintings
Sculpture

21. Neolithic Age-The New Stone Age
Refers to around 9000 BC
Ground and polished tools
Abandon nomadic life to begin farming
Planting Crops, Domesticating animals
Humans can now control their food source

22. Neolithic Food Animals domesticated- cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
Supplied meat, leather, and milk (Cheese and butter)
Grains were grown. Two drinks enjoyed were mead and beer
Late period, began metallurgy- copper made knives, cups, buckets, and pots

23. Neolithic Society Permanent towns Specialized in crafts
Hierarchical class system
Agriculture allowed them to develop art, music and sports,
Religion

24. 7 Characteristics of a Society
Centralized Government
Agricultural Intensification
Specialized Occupations
Class Structure
Merchants and Trades
Development of Science and Writing
State Religion

25. Bronze Age Bronze Age would be followed by the Iron Age but not always
More broadly, the Bronze Age of any culture is the period during which the most advanced metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use) in that culture uses bronze.

26. Bronze Age
This could either be based on the local smelting of copper and tin from ores, or trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere.
Copper/tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in western Asia before 3000 BC. Many, though not all, Bronze Age cultures flourished in prehistory.
Some cultures developed extensive written records during their Bronze Ages.

27. Iron Age
The Iron Age typically follows the Bronze age (But not always)
Stage in the development of any people in which tools and weapons whose main ingredient was iron were prominent.
The adoption of this material often coincided with other changes in society, including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles.