1. Status of VIRGO Francesco Fidecaro (after Lisa Barsotti) - University and INFN Pisa – on behalf of the VIRGO collaboration Aspen - January 19 th, 2005  Status of the Commissioning Activity LIGO-G050035-00-Z

2. VIRGO Optical Scheme BS NI WI PR 3-km Fabry Perot cavities in the arms

3. Commissioning Plan Steps of increasing complexity: Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 A SINGLE FABRY-PEROT CAVITY PR misaligned

4. Commissioning Plan Steps of increasing complexity: Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 A SINGLE FABRY-PEROT CAVITY PR misaligned

5. Commissioning Plan Steps of increasing complexity: Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 A SINGLE FABRY-PEROT CAVITY Feb 2004 – Dec 2004 Feb 2004 – Dec 2004 ITF in RECOMBINED MODE PR misaligned

6. Commissioning Plan Steps of increasing complexity: Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 A SINGLE FABRY-PEROT CAVITY Feb 2004 – Dec 2004 Feb 2004 – Dec 2004 ITF in RECOMBINED MODE Sept 2004 Sept 2004 ITF in RECYCLED MODE  Final configuration PR aligned

7. Sensitivity Progress  From a single arm to the recombined mode C3: Automatic alignment and frequency servo tested in a single arm configuration C4: Automatic alignment and frequency servo tested in recombined configuration C1 – November 2003 C4 – June 2004

8. SSFS: OFF vs ON

9. Commissioning Run C4 - June 2004 ITF controlled with the reflected and the asymmetric beams Automatic alignment of the cavities Laser frequency stabilized to cavities common mode Cavities common mode locked to reference cavity Output Mode Cleaner locked on the dark fringe Tidal control on both arms  Recombined Data Taking Mode

10. Commissioning Run C4 - June 2004  5 days of run  Lock losses understood  Longest lock ~ 28 h  h reconstruction on line

11. Commissioning Run C4 : Noise Characterization Coupling of IB resonances into the michelson controller signal due to a mismatch between modulation frequency and input mode-cleaner length (~ 70 Hz) C4 After frequency modulation tuning Michelson controller signal Problem understood -> not final solution yet

12. Michelson control noise (I) B2 quad (C4) Input bench resonances (Feb 04) Due to input bench resonances

13. Michelson control noise (II) Input bench resonances + input bench local control noise Input bench vibrates Spurious signal on Spurious signal laser frequency on B2 quad stabilization Spurious signal in Michelson control Spurious signal on dark fringe

14. Input bench resonances - Driven by local control noise - Coherence between coil driver outputs and B2_ACq during C4 confirms this hypothesis - Better results when driving has been moved from the ground coils to the marionetta Coils - Large improvement still needed - The elimination of these resonance’s should be part of the input bench upgrade 26/06 C4: control from the ground coils 07/09 DT: control from the marionetta

15. After C4  July – August Upgrade of the terminal benches -> Re-tuning and improvement of the linear automatic alignment Suspension full hierarchical control started Commissioning of the Recycled ITF started Effect of the backscattered light in the IMC -> attenuator installed between the IMC and the ITF  Mid September: Re-Start  October – November: -> Recombined ITF locked with the full hierarchical control of the suspensions -> ITF locked in recycled mode

16. Suspension Hierarchical Control  10 3  Locking acquired and maintained acting at the level of the mirror z z x y marionette reference mass mirror  Reduce the strength of the mirror actuators by a few 10 3 to reach Virgo design sensitivity

17. Suspension Hierarchical Control DC-0.01 Hz 0.01-8 Hz 8-50 Hz Corrections sent to the marionette Corrections sent to the mirror Force on the mirror reduced of a factor 20  Switch to low noise coil drivers TIDAL CONTROL RE-ALLOCATION OF THE FORCE

18. Suspension Hierarchical Control  Single arm locked with the hierarchical control for the first time in July -> controllability of the superattenuator demonstrated  Last main result: hierarchical control of the recombined ITF in the C4 configuration, with automatic alignment and frequency servo engaged  Stable lock -> tested in the last commissioning run (C5, 2-6 December 2004)  SUMMARY

19. Effect of light backscattered in the IMC Input laser beam ITF reflected beam Solution - Short term: insert attenuator between the IMC and the ITF - Mean term: insert Faraday isolator (input bench upgrade) Laser Frequency (Hz)

20. Attenuator between ITF and IMC Insert attenuator between the IMC and the ITF Change last mirror of the input telescope (R=100%  R=10%) First trial at the beginning of August: …bad mirror Second trial on September 9 th : OK Figura di Matteo Laser frequency (Hz) PR misalignedPR aligned

21. The Variable Finesse Locking Strategy “A recycled ITF with a low recycling factor is similar to a recombined ITF “ NINE WE WI BS PR Low Recycling Factor Half Fringe  Lock immediately the 4 degrees of freedom of the ITF on the half fringe:  end photodiodes to acquire the lock of the long cavities  simple michelson locked on the half fringe with the asymmetric DC signal  3f demodulated reflected signal to control the recycling cavity length

22. POWER IN THE RECYCLING CAVITY  With the ITF in a stable state, bring it adiabatically on the dark fringe evolving the control scheme Recombined interferometer (~ 60 mW) Recycled interferometer (~ 17 W) T PR=8% -> Recycling factor ~ 25  frequency servo (SSFS) engaged to control the common mode of the arms  from DC to demodulated signal to control the simple michelson length The Variable Finesse Locking Strategy

23.  First lock of the recycled ITF on the end of last October  Stable lock of the recycled interferometer ~ 40-50 minutes  no linear automatic alignment yet  next step  Locking procedure tested several times  lock acquired in few minutes  New original lock acquisition procedure established, combining end photodiodes, frequency servo, 3f-demod signal, slightly misalignement of PR mirror, and lock on the half fringe  M. Evans (LIGO) and K. Arai (TAMA) present on Virgo site  1 day and half of test in the last commissioning run C5  SUMMARY

24. Commissioning Run C5 - December 2004 Best VIRGO Sensitivity  Injection of bursts and inspiral events during the run -> Analysis in progress 10 times more power than C5

25. Coupling to the environment Laser lab –Vibrations and drifts –Acoustic coupling –Pressure waves –Temperature Det lab and end benches –Vibrations and drifts –Temperature

26. C1 AC switches to “high power regime” from Monday thr Friday 8:00 – 18:00 RMS acoustic noise in laser lab. microphone Broadband acoustic noise in laser lab. Dark fringe “breaths” at 11. and 14. Hz Air Conditioning low/high cycle

27. IB tower pump: sweep 600Hz  400Hz VIRGO – C2 600.8 1201.5 1802.5 2403.2 3004.3 3604.5 4806.7 5407.5 6008.0 Hz Amplitude [Watts/sqrt(Hz)] 2 x 10^-7 1 x 10^-6 4 x 10^-8 8 x 10^-8 3 x 10^-9 2 x 10^-9 6 x 10^-9 2 x 10^-9 8 x 10^-10  fundamental and harmonics sweep coherently in dark fringe and seismometer Dark fringe photodiode Seismometer near IB tower 1 pump per SA tower (UHV < 10 -9 mbar in tower lower section) magnetically levitated, rotation speed 400 Hz or 600 Hz Turbo-molecular vacuum pumps: sweep test

28.  noise increase in dark fringe up to  10 times at [150, 1500] Hz  acoustic noise increase in laser lab. up to  50 times the standard noise floor at 30-4000 Hz Broadband white signal sent to a loudspeaker in laser laboratory, with 5 levels of increasing intensity Acoustic test during C4 run

29. LASER LAB. loudspeaker microphone Dark Fringe VIRGO C4: IMC North arm West arm Acoustic noise RC Injection SYS: - Laser clean room: laser, beam forming optics, photodiodes&piezos on non suspended benches, in air - Input Mode Cleaner: plane concave triangular FP, 144m, reference cavity, suspended, under vacuum - Alignement: laser on RC (<1Hz), IMC optical axis (<10Hz) Effects of acoustic noise: signals layout

30.  Misalignements of IMC ( a,  )  Power fluctuations of MC transmitted beam IMC rotation (  ) IMC translation ( a ) IMC trans. power ITF trans. power Dark Fringe LASER LAB. RC microphone Acoustic noise loudspeaker Effects of acoustic noise: signals layout

31. A look at coherences: Microphone vs. IMC (a,  ) IMC (a,  ) vs. IMC out Power IMC Out Power vs. Dark Fringe Microphone vs. Dark Fringe Microphone IMC a,  Fluctuations of IMC trasmitted Power Dark Fringe Dark Fringe vs. microphone is low  non linear path Jitter of laser beam is non compensated by IMC alignement control Misaligned MC gives power fluctuations of transmitted beam Power fluctuations converts into ITF readout noise Which path to dark fringe ?

32. Power noise contribution to Sensitivity :  S = displacement from the dark fringe S pn (t) =  S PP P 1) Naïve model:  S  S RMS C4 sensitivity ( S ) during acoustic noise injection Power noise estimate (  S) (Naïve model ) Power noise estimate (  S) (more accurate model) PP P = relative power fluctuations S(t) = sensitivity [m] 2) More accurate model  S  low freq. part (<50Hz) of S Power noise propagation model

33. Data Analysis Activity  h reconstruction (F. Marion - LAPP )  Physics group activity: Burst (P. Hello - LAL ) Coalescent Binary (A. Vicerè – INFN Urbino) Pulsar Source Software (S. Frasca – Roma University ) Stochastic Background (G. Cella – INFN Pisa) Noise Analysis (J. Y. Vinet – NICE)  Network analysis

34. Conclusions  Well advanced status of the commissioning activity -> Suspension hierarchical control in recombined mode -> Lock of the recycled ITF  Next steps: -> Linear automatic alignment of the recycled ITF -> Frequency servo optimization  Last Commissioning Run Data -> analysis in progress