1. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 1 Carbon capture and geological storage for Scotland Stuart Haszeldine University of Edinburgh School of GeoSciences CCS explained Impact Scotland Ready - ness Challenges Scotland

2. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 2 Explained -- Partial cleanup, Costs more (than now), Needs big companies, Requires more fuel. + Enables transition, ONLY direct reduction of CO2, Large impact, Scotland advantage.

3. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 3 CO2 capture and storage 10,000yr remedy: bury CO 2 in aquifers or oilfields

4. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 4 North Sea Saline Aquifer CO 2

5. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 5 Impact and Ready-ness

6. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 6 Scottish CO2 EITHER Stop coal and gas use OR Capture CO2 IF …….. by 2020, Scotland has 50% electricity from renewables. How is the other 50% made?

7. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 7 Scottish liability Cockenzie Longannet Peterhead New coal ReplaceRefitNew CO2 tonnage 1.5 Mt/yr gas SSE 10 Mt/yr coal SP 4.1 Mt/yr coal SP 8 Mt/yr coal ??

8. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 8 UK competition CCS 2008 Longannet 10 Mt CO2 /yr coal Scottish Power Hunterston 1.6 GW 8 Mt CO2 BP Alternative Energy Withdrawn Kingsnorth 1.6 GW, 8Mt CO2 E.ON 0.4 GW, soon after 2014 Scotland MAY be UK leader. But what is Plan B if it loses?

9. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 9 Sources and options: Scottish Region Storage 3) EOR import UK + EU? 2) Aquifer 1) Export AIMS Sources Timings Routes Stores Costs 14 companies Feb 2009 Capacity UK 20yr or 1,000yr ?

10. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 10 Europe: 12 CCS projects 500 M tons Emission Allowances for new plant ==> 10 x 400 MW coal plant 2013 - 2020 500 g CO2 /kW hr electricity emissions standard EU Council of Ministers anti EU-A ==> may fund ?

11. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 11 Challenges

12. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 12 Capture Ready coal Building new coal supercritical power plant - with future ability to capture CO2, but NOT capturing now Capture-Ready Power plant fitted (800g), No specified route or storage site No date for operation Complex detailed designs Risk with Government (us!) Emissions Standard 350g (170g) CO2/kwh Ramps down Intended future date Simple administration Risk with operator Risks: Illusions of progress Too much regulatory complexity

13. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 13 Capture -ready V deployment New coal? 32Mt capture ready DECC competition EU-ETS auctions £ 3,000 M per year From Jan 2013 Market 1 Market 2 Create a second market route to fund Scottish (UK) CCS projects by EU-ETS Unclear deployment After 2020 Clear CCS mandate ==> Deployment

14. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 14 EU CO2 emissions map

15. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 15 North Sea transport and store Karsto Mongstad ROTTERDAM Longannet Kingsnorth 2014 2012 Hunterston 2014 2016 ? 2015 50% of EU CO2 export via Rotterdam ? Largest storage is in Norwegian and Scottish offshore How to get a transport network to come north? 2020 ?

16. s.haszeldine@ed.ac.ukClimate Change Sust Dev Comm 6 Nov 2008 16 Scotland: To Do Action on Capture Ready or Emission Standard Positioning on EU pipeline network Create CCS capacity, and fund storage research Enabling CCS in Scotland > UK Money : EU-ETS, Auction, ROC, Price CCS: Largest single CO2 reduction Over-promised and under-delivered