1. An Innovative Architecture for a Distributed Cooperative Digital Library: The Design Perspective Rahul Banerjee Computer Science & Information Systems Group Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani (India) E-mail: rahul@bits-pilani.ac.in Home: http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul ICDL-2004, New Delhi, February 25, 2004

2. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 2 Interaction Points Defining a Digital Library Types of Digital Libraries: A possible Architectural Classification Major international research projects: Some brief observations Initiative The BITS-DiLib Initiative at BITS-Pilani Evolving research directions Conclusions

3. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 3 Defining Digital Library (1 of 6) The term Digital Library has been defined and interpreted in a variety of ways including: the definitions that border on a slightly enhanced version of searchable digitized information / metadata repository to the one that include features like distributed knowledge management, digital rights management, architecture-neutral storage formats and metadata architectures, customizable library services like bibliographic and citation analysis services.

4. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 4 Defining Digital Library (2 of 6) We define a Digital Library as a seamlessly integrated diverse information structure that is normally built atop wide area internetworks (comprising of heterogeneous systems and protocols) that provides authorization- based access, on demand, to the legitimate users in a transparent way to most or, preferably, all of the following services: Domain-driven and Generalized Administrative Services Domain-driven and Generalized End-User Services where these service-classes comprise of two large set of services as listed in the next four slides.

5. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 5 Defining Digital Library (3 of 6) Administrative Services include: 1. Creation of organizational hierarchy for library administration 2. Defining privileges for the entities at each level of hierarchy 3. Defining library policies at one or more levels and defining precedence and conflict resolution rules and conventions 4. Content acquisition and classification 5. Content translation / transformation / extraction 6. Content organization, indexing and rating 7. Content updating and synchronization

6. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 6 Defining Digital Library (4 of 6) Administrative Services (Contd.)  Load-balancing and back-up services  Security control  Rights management  Frequency analysis of content-accesses  Storage and Search management   Inter-site / inter-organization cooperation management  Membership, Subscription, Blockade and Billing services  Administrative Report generations

7. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 7 Defining Digital Library (5 of 6) End-User Services include: Search (simple and advanced) services Optional book-marking and per-user / per-usage-based tracking services Customizable bibliographic services Citation services Customizable new-material alert services

8. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 8 Defining Digital Library (6 of 6) End-User Services (Contd.) User-definable Report generation services Profile-based services with a choice of pre-defined and user-definable profile templates Asynchronous content access services Optional Synchronous content services Rights-query services Membership and Subscription-specific services

9. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 9 Classes of Digital Libraries based on Architectures There may exist several categories of Digital Libraries including the following: Electronic Document Digital Library Academic Document Digital Library Asynchronous Media Distribution class of ADDL Synchronous Media Distribution class of ADDL Hybrid ADDL Corporate Document Digital Library Asynchronous Media Distribution class of CDDL Synchronous Media Distribution class of CDDL Hybrid CDDL Virtual Digital Library Database-oriented Netcentric Warehouse / Archive Corporate / Closed DNW/A Open / Public DNW/A The term ‘Document’ has been used here in the widest possible sense including all types of storable, retrievable and distributable objects.

10. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 10 Trends in Digital Library Research There have been two noticeable trends in the Digital Library research in general: Technology-driven Digital Library initiatives (mostly driven by computer scientists); and User-driven Digital Library initiatives (mostly driven by library scientists). [Chim et al, 1998, Han et al, 2003, Castelli & Pagano, 2003, Stevenson et al, 2003, Kurtz & Mostafa, 2003]

11. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 11 Strengths and Weakness of Research Approaches Technology-driven class: Strengths: Often leads to powerful, efficient and elegant solutions Weaknesses: Frequently leads to incompatible approaches, often efficiency wins over ease of use, too many incompatible versions lead to scarcity of reusable application modules (thankfully, standardization is beginning to help!) User-driven class: Strengths: Clear down-to-Earth goals, focus on ease of use and ready usability Weaknesses: Often low in efficiency, speed, flexibility and scalability

12. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 12 The BITS-DiLib Initiative Basic Design Goals: Simplicity, efficiency and scalability The basic architectural and structural design of the BITS-Pilani Digital Library System (“Project BITS- DiLib”) revolves around a simple, cooperative, demand-driven framework. The BITS-DiLib architecture has borrowed a significant part of its design philosophy from the “Ichha-Drishti”: an IPv6-based Video-on-Demand Architecture developed in the year 2000 as part of the well-known next-generation internetworking research initiative “Project IPv6@BITS”. [Venkataraghavan, 2000, Banerjee, 2000, Banerjee, 2003]

13. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 13 Architecture of BITS-DiLib Resource Manager Content Manager Application Enabler A Multi-Agent System comprising of many Agents including a set of Service Agents and a Monitoring Agent Security Manager Resource Manger Content Manager Application Enabler MAS-based Service Manager Security Manager

14. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 14 Another architectural view of BITS-DiLib Content Server-1 Content Server-N Meta-Data / Content Manager Client-1Client-M Communication Channel

15. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 15 Design Issues Choice of a Meta Data management strategy Choice of a Location Transparency mechanism Choice of Acquisition / Organization / Manipulation mechanisms Choice of User-Level Service-set vis-a-vis the User Authorization and Access status Choice of Authentication, Security and Protection policies and mechanisms Choice of Resource Location and Management mechanism

16. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 16 BITS-DiLib: Status Update The BITS-DiLib: Status Update Search Engine phase – I operational Load balancing module operational Content Server phase – I operational Control Server operational MAS-based Bibliography generation and user- profile-based customization modules under development Presentation manager module initiated

17. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 17 Thank you!

18. (c) Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani (India) 18 Select References