1. Lecture 7 Manipulation of foreign gene and secretion of foreign protein

2. Manipulation of gene expression Isolation and Use of Different Promoters Targeted Alterations in Plant DNA Targeting foreign DNA into chloroplast genome

3. Isolation and Use of Different Promoters Use of specialized vectors, called promoter tagging (labeling) vectors approach relies on the Agro bacterium mediated Ti plasmid transformation system a promoter less reporter gene is placed next to the right border of the Ti plasmid vector after transfer of the T-DNA into a plant chromosome the reporter gene from the vector is situated adjacent to the plant DNA if the T-DNA is inserted at the promoter region of a functional gene, transcription of the reporter gene occurs

4. Isolation and Use of Different Promoters For eg: neomycin phosphotransferase (npt) gene as a reporter expression detected by selecting kanamycin-resistant transformants (Fig A) difficult to identify (tag) a promoter that is active only during a certain developmental stage or that is induced by a specific environmental factor

6. Isolation and Use of Different Promoters To overcome this, two-gene selectable marker system was devised (Fig B) In this case, a hygromycin resistance gene was placed under the control of a constitutive promoter next to a promoter less reporter gene within the T- DNA After hygromycin-resistant transformants are selected, the transformants can be checked by an enzyme assay under different conditions for expression of the reporter gene

7. Targeted Alterations in Plant DNA use of chimeric oligonucleotides delivery into a plant cell by microprojectile bombardment DNA repair enzymes recognize the mismatches between the targeted gene and the chimeric oligonucleotide During the repair process, the altered DNA is incorporated into the plant genome detected phenotypically similar to conventional mutagenesis and selection procedures

8. An example of a chimeric oligonucleotide used to change the nucleotide sequence of plant DNA. The 2’-O-methyl RNA residues are shown in lower case letters, the DNA residues are shown in uppercase letters

9. Targeting foreign DNA into chloroplast genome 2 ways for specific foreign protein to be introduced into the chloroplast or mitochondrion 1.a fusion gene encoding the foreign protein and additional amino acids that direct the transport of the protein to the organelle inserted into the chromosomal DNA, and, after synthesis, the recombinant protein transported into the targeted organelle 2.the gene for the foreign protein inserted directly into chloroplast or mitochondrial DNA (Fig C)

10. Fig C. Plasmid vector used for integrating tandem genes into the chloroplast genome

11. Secretion of foreign protein By rhizo secretion Three different foreign proteins : xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum GFP from the jelly fish Aequorea victoria human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase directed to the root apoplast using three different direction signal

12. Secretion of foreign protein genetic construct contained a DNA fragment encoding a signal peptide placed upstream of the gene whose protein was targeted for secretion both the 35S promoter expressed in all types of plant cells mas2’ promoter, expressed in roots direct the synthesis of target protein in root tissue