1. The Columbian Exchange And Triangular Trade EQ: What was the Columbian Exchange and triangular trade?

2. Activating questions How do you think the term Columbian exchange was created? Who do you think benefited more in the Columbian exchange?

3. What was the Columbian Exchange? The explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas. Interaction with Native Americans led to big cultural changes. Exchange of physical elements: animals, plants, diseases, weapons, etc.

5. Animals Llamas were the only domesticated animals in Latin America. –Europeans brought horses, pigs, cattle, sheep. changed the use of the land

6. Plants Europeans brought cash crops to the Americas: sugar, rice, wheat, coffee, bananas, & grapes. –New crops flourished in the Americas. Europeans adopt crops found in the Americas: maize, tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, cacao, beans, & cotton.

8. Slavery and the Columbian Exchange Plants Old World Bananas Sugarcane Pears Opium Cabbage Wheat Plants New World Beans Cocoa beans Maize Potato Tobacco Peanuts

9. Slavery and the Columbian Exchange Animals – Old WorldAnimals – New World cat cattle dog donkey fowl (several species, including chickens and ducks) fowlchickens ducks goat horse sheep alpaca dog fowl (one species, turkey) fowlturkey guinea pig llama

10. Slavery and the Columbian Exchange Diseases Old WorldDiseases New World bubonic plague cholera influenza malaria measles scarlet fever sleeping sickness smallpox tuberculosis typhoid yellow fever yaws yellow fever (American strains) yellow fever

11. The Introduction of New Diseases Nearly all of the European diseases were communicable by air & touch. Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, scarlet fever and influenza were the most common diseases exchanged. Illness in Europe was considered to be the result of sin. –Indians, who were largely “heathen” or non-Christian were regarded as sinners and therefore subject to illness as a punishment.

12. Devastating Impact of Diseases Native Americans had no natural resistance to European diseases. –population continued to decline for centuries Inca empire decreased from 13 million in 1492 to 2 million in 1600. North American population fell from 2 million in 1492 to 500,000 in 1900.

13. Smallpox Central Mexico - 25 million in 1519 to less than one million in 1605 Hispañola - One million in 1492 to 46,000 in 1512 North America - 90% of Native Americans gone within 100 years of Plymouth landing

14. Effects of Diseases Native American population dramatically decreases Europeans need labor to cultivate new crops in the Americas, but there aren’t many natives left. Europeans look to Africa & begin to import African slaves to the Americas.

15. 1. Create 2 questions from about the Columbian Exchange from your notes yesterday that you still do not understand.

16. Slavery Expands In 1518, the first shipment of slaves went directly from West Africa to the Caribbean where the slaves worked on sugar plantations. By the 1520s, the Spanish had introduced slaves to Mexico, Peru, and Central America where they worked as farmers and miners. By the early 17 th century, the British had introduced slaves to North America.

17. The demand for labor in the western hemisphere encouraged a money- making triangular trading pattern. Triangular Trade Route

18. Triangular Trade The triangular trade demonstrates how people were reduced to commodities to be sold. Goods such as metal, cloth, beads and guns went from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans went to America and the Caribbean, and raw products such as sugar, tobacco and cotton came back to Europe.

19. Capture The original capture of slaves was almost always violent. As European demand grew, African chieftains organized raiding parties to seize individuals from neighboring societies. Others launched wars specifically for the purpose of capturing slaves.

20. Slavery and the Columbian Exchange Slaves captured by Moors and other native African tribes Sold slaves to Europeans or other Native groups in Africa

21. Slavery and the Columbian Exchange

22. “Africans became enslaved mainly through four ways: first, criminals sold by the chiefs as punishment; secondly, free Africans obtained from raids by African and a few European gangs; thirdly, domestic slaves resold, and fourthly; prisoners of war." (Adu Boahen (University of Ghana).

23. Plantations After crossing the Atlantic, most African slaves went to plantations in the tropical or subtropical regions of the western hemisphere. The first was established by the Spanish on Hispaniola in 1516. Originally the main crop was sugar. In addition to sugar, plantations produced crops like tobacco, indigo, and cotton. 1530s--Portuguese began organizing plantations in Brazil, and Brazil became the world’s leading supplier of sugar.

24. EQ: What was the Columbian Exchange and triangular trade?