1. www.unmillenniumproject.org Agenda  Motivation and Overview (using Education as an example)  Discussion by Selected Intervention Area  Energy Services  Hunger (multi-sector)  Gender  Health

2. www.unmillenniumproject.org The case for energy infrastructure and services as part of an MDG strategy  Improved access to energy services is critical to: –Reduce women’s time poverty (e.g. to halve poverty and achieve gender equity goal) –Make energy available for manufacturing industries and other productive uses (e.g. to halve poverty) –Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through groundwater pumps) –Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR) –Improve provision of social services (e.g. lighting in schools, refrigeration in health centers) –Halt deforestation and other land degradation (?)

3. www.unmillenniumproject.org Lighting & basic communication Target: 75 kWh/hh or 15 kWh/hh with battery MDG-compatible technologies:  Electricity  Grid or off-grid electrification  Focus on urban areas Energy needs assessment methodology Coverage Target: Halve share of rural and urban populations without access to MDG-compatible energy services for lighting and cooking Households : Cooking Target: 1GJ/hh of useful energy MDG-compatible technologies:  LPG, kerosene (incl. stoves)  Home storage for improved fuels Also included: Electricity and thermal energy for schools, health and other government facilities Preliminarily included: Space heating; human resource requirements Not yet included: energy needs for productive use and to meet other MDGs; production, transmission, and storage infrastructure for fossil fuels

4. www.unmillenniumproject.org Preliminary results of energy needs assessment Other representative country results: Ghana Per capita total cost estimates in 2000 US$200520102015 Average 2005- 15 % of total over period Rural Devices1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 8% Fuels3.7 4.8 5.9 4.8 34% Electricity1.9 1.6 1.1 1.6 11% Subtotal rural6.7 7.5 8.2 7.5 53% Urban Devices1.6 1.9 2.2 1.9 13% Fuels2.1 3.1 4.3 3.1 22% Electricity2.1 1.9 0.6 1.8 12% Subtotal urban5.7 6.8 7.1 6.8 47% Total per capita costs12.4 14.3 15.3 14.3 100%

5. www.unmillenniumproject.org Financing elements included in MP energy services model  Four sources of financing 1.Households 2.Private sector 3.Governments 4.External finance  Key principles of financing strategy –Ensure household affordability taking into account financing needs for all MDGs –Ensure incentive compatibility, e.g. to »To promote switch to cleaner fuels among the poor »Avoid wastage of energy through step tariffs »Promote conversion to improved fuels through partial input subsidies –Private co-financing as possible –MDG financing gap to be covered through external finance included in energy model }