1. Digital Video Solutions to Final Exam 2013 Edited by Yang-Ting Chou Confirmed by Prof. Jar-Ferr Yang LAB: 92923 R, TEL: ext. 621 E-mail: yangting115@gmail.com Page of MediaCore: http://mediawww.ee.ncku.edu.tw

2. Announcement AVG: 107.833 STDEV: 16.4066 MAX: 134 MIN: 72

3. 1 (1)

4. 1 (3) 1 (2)

5. 1 (4)

6. 1 (5) Deblocking: Inverse 過程中變化係數有誤差, 造成 block 邊界的視覺上不連續

7. To deliver 3D contents, one simple and direct way is to combine both left and right view frames into single frame by a stereo packing formation such that the traditional coding and transmission system can transmit them as the normal 2D videos. 2 (a) (b) H-InterleavedV-InterleavedCheckerboardBottom-Up Side-by-Side Side-by-Side (Quincunx Packing) Temporal Interleaving

8. Side-by-Side Side-by-Side (Quincunx Packing) Side-by-side packing rearrangement Side-by-side quincunx packing rearrangement Upconversion Processing

9. 3

10. 4 1.MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 adopt object based; H.264 and HEVC adopt block based. 2.The compression rate. (HEVC 約為 H.264 的 1/2; H.264 約為 MPEG-2, MPEG-4 的 1/2) 3.The applications (HEVC and H.264 主要是應用於視訊會議 ; MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 主要是應用於 CD 或 DVD)

11. (a) Reordered Block Data: 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, -1, … TotalCoeffs = 5 TotalZeros = 4 TrailingOne = 2 5 由後往前計算, 計算有幾個非 0 值 由後往前計算, 從第一個非 0 值往 前計算幾個 0 值 由後往前計算, 從第一個非 0 值往前計算幾個 +/-1 值, 若遇 到非 0 or 非 +/-1 值, 及停止 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, -1, …

12. (b) (1) nA=2, nB=4, nC = (nA + nB + 1)>>1=3 Coeff_token : 0000101 ( 查表 )( TrailingOne = 2, TotalCoeffs = 5, nC = 3 ) (2) T1 (TrailingOne ) sign codes : 10 (  ) (3) Level codes : 101110 ( 查表 ) Level [2]: 1 (use Level_VLC0) 1 Level [1]: -2 (use Level_VLC1) 011 Level [0]: 1 (use Level_VLC1) 10 (4) TotalZeros code : 110 ( 查表 ) ( TotalZeros = 4, TotalCoeffs = 5 ) (5) Run_before codes : 10100110 Run_before[4]: ZerosLeft=4; run_before=1 10 ( 查表 ) Run_before[3]: ZerosLeft=3; run_before=1 10 ( 查表 ) Run_before[2]: ZerosLeft=2; run_before=1 01 ( 查表 ) Run_before[1]: ZerosLeft=1; run_before=0 1 ( 查表 ) Run_before[0]: ZerosLeft=1; run_before=1 0 ( 查表 ) Note: Level (1), with a value of +2, is encoded as +1. If there are less than 3 T1s, then the first non-T1 level will not have a value of +/-1 (otherwise it would have been encoded as a T1). To save bits, this level is decremented if positive and incremented if negative. Reordered Block Data: 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, -1, … nA+nB+1=7 (111) (011)3 Shift 1

13. Table – coeff_token mapping to TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) and TrailingOnes( coeff_token ) TrailingOnes ( coeff_token ) TotalCoeff ( coeff_token ) 0 <= nC < 22 <= nC < 44 <= nC < 88 <= nCnC = = -1 0011111110000 1101 010001 010010 110011 110000 000001 11 11011011100000 011 020000 01110001 110010 110001 00 12 0011 10111 10001 010001 10 2200101111010001 10001 030000 0011 10000 1110010 00 0000 11 130000 01100010 100110 00010 010000 011 230000 1010010 010111 00010 100000 010 330001 1010111000010 110001 01 040000 0001 110000 01110001 1110011 000000 10 140000 0011 00001 100101 00011 010000 0011 240000 01010001 010101 10011 100000 0010 340000 11010010110011 110000 000 050000 0000 1110000 01000001 0110100 00- 150000 0001 100000 1100100 00100 01- 250000 0010 10000 1010100 10100 10- 350000 1000011 010100100 11- 060000 0000 0111 10000 0011 10001 0010101 00- 160000 0000 1100000 01100011 100101 01- 260000 0001 010000 01010011 010101 10- 360000 01000010 0010010101 11-

14. Table – total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 1 to 7 total_zerosTotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 1234567 0111101010001 101010000 01 1011110111 01000000 1 201010111001010011111101 300111001010100111110100 400100110100110 101011 50001 101010011101 10011 60001 00100100 011010 70000 11001101100110110100001 80000 100010 01100100001001 90000 0110001 1 00100000 10010000 00 100000 0100001 0 00010000 00 110000 00110000 110000 010000 10000 0 120000 00100000 100000 10000 0 130000 0001 10000 010000 00 140000 0001 00000 00 150000 0000 1 Table – Tables for run_before run_beforezerosLeft 123456>6 01111 111 100110 000110 2-0001 011001101 3--00001010011100 4---000001010011 5----000101010 6-----100001 7------0001 8-----00001 9------000001 10------0000001 11------00000001 12------000000001 13------0000000001 14------00000000001

16. 6 The Advanced Image Coding (AIC) codec uses the existing algorithms from the H.264 and JPEG standards by modifying a bit to fit the needs of the codec. More specifically, it combines intra frame block prediction from H.264 with a JPEG- style discrete cosine transform, followed by context adaptive binary arithmetic coding as used in H.264 JPEG XR: AIC: JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. (7%) (8%) AIC: DCT, Prediction, … JPEG-XR: PCT, Hierarchical Transform, … (5%)

17. 7 Intra Mode Inter Mode Search Range Search Type CU-based Mode Decision …

18. 8

20. 9 (a) (b) Try all possible QP values and pick up the best one.